Pop. density (per sq. mi.) Birth rate Teen birth rate (% of total births) Doctors Student-teacher Drop-out rate (%) City (per 1000 pop.) (per 1000 pop.) ratio Scottsdale, AZ Escondido, CA Fontana, CA 827 3268 12.6 25.5 5.1 13.7 2.27 19.4 25.3 8.5 2.48 20.9 2914 36.5 15.5 2.01 26.8 16.7 2.17 2.40 2.20 2.73 Fremont, CA 2384 19.0 5.5 24.9 6.8 Fresno, CA 3901 8677 5840 27.5 22.7 25.9 18.2 13.4 16.7 24.2 25.4 23.9 14.7 Long Beach, CA Modesto, CA 18.9 11.2 Norwalk, CA Oakland, CA Orange, CA Thousand Oaks, CA Torrance, CA West Covina, CA Bridgeport, CT Hartford, CT Waterbury, CT Cedar Rapids, IA Rockford, IL Ann Arbor, MI 10280 21.3 21.1 12.4 14.4 2.20 26.0 19.9 6541 2.17 23.7 14.7 5012 19.2 9.2 3.01 26.0 19.4 2238 14.0 4.2 3.14 26.8 5.2 6742 17.4 7.1 2.20 25.7 5.8 6376 8307 7179 3620 17.5 20.8 23.7 18.6 2.20 1.43 1.43 1.01 26.3 15.5 14.1 14.3 8.6 20.7 21.6 16.4 11.0 18.1 28.3 13.9 2120 15.4 11.2 3.42 18.4 5.9 3184 18.6 16.0 2.89 17.1 16.8 4201 12.1 4.9 2.90 19.7 6.3 Flint, MI 4088 22.5 22.8 2.18 22.7 15.4 Warren, MI 4158 13.0 9.0 1.27 22.0 11.3 Independence, Mo Billings, MT 1428 2656 15.3 15.8 15.6 10.5 1.68 1.85 18.0 18.8 14.7 7.7 Pop. density (per sq. mi.) (per 1000 pop.) (% of total births) Birth rate Teen birth rate Doctors Student-teacher ratio Drop-out rate (%) City (per 1000 pop.) Greensboro, NC Winston Salem, NC Lincoln, NE Jersey City, NJ Albany, NY Buffalo, NY Syracuse, NY Columbus, OH 2458 15.1 11.8 2.06 15.5 11.7 2182 15.8 14.2 16.1 9.2 15.8 14.3 17.3 2.06 3.24 1.13 13.9 12.8 9.2 3208 15169 14.9 19.9 15.4 18.0 4899 15.2 1.97 15.1 15.0 7708 19.0 1.86 15.3 13.3 6370 15.9 18.4 19.6 19.6 2.46 18.8 2.48 2.30 2.14 3331 16.3 15.6 15.7 762 17.0 Okla City, OK Allentown, PA 17.0 17.4 15.7 5951 17.2 14.3 21.0 13.0 Philadelphia, PA Providence, RI Sioux Falls, SD 11282 8143 2421 2400 17.6 19.7 18.2 17.6 1.83 1.22 19.8 26.0 16.7 19.7 15.7 22.6 16.8 8.4 4.94 9.0 Memphis, TN Amarillo, TX Austin, TX Grand Prairie, TX Laredo, TX Lubbock, TX 19.1 22.1 1.70 13.9 1878 2360 1590 4557 1868 17.8 18.8 19.7 19.7 14.2 16.0 16.8 20.3 1.99 2.80 1.67 1.58 2.76 16.6 16.0 18.4 17.2 14.8 16.4 15.5 14.2 15.0 10.3 24.8 17.1 Mesquite, TX Pasadena, TX San Antonio, TX Alexandria, VA Chesapeake, VA Spokane, WA Charleston, WV Casper, WY 2655 2952 3000 7378 21.9 17.5 18.6 19.1 13.7 17.9 17.5 7.4 1.67 2.17 2.46 1.83 19.0 17.6 15.8 11.1 13.2 18.4 13.1 18.7 530 17.8 11.4 2.54 15.4 9.4 3449 17.5 14.3 13,3 17.3 16.3 3.81 19.4 10.1 1917 3.02 16.2 9.6 2388 17.6 2.97 16.5 8.4

Pop. density (per sq. mi.) Birth rate Teen birth rate (% of total births) Doctors Student-teacher Drop-out rate (%) City (per 1000 pop.) (per 1000 pop.) ratio Scottsdale, AZ Escondido, CA Fontana, CA 827 3268 12.6 25.5 5.1 13.7 2.27 19.4 25.3 8.5 2.48 20.9 2914 36.5 15.5 2.01 26.8 16.7 2.17 2.40 2.20 2.73 Fremont, CA 2384 19.0 5.5 24.9 6.8 Fresno, CA 3901 8677 5840 27.5 22.7 25.9 18.2 13.4 16.7 24.2 25.4 23.9 14.7 Long Beach, CA Modesto, CA 18.9 11.2 Norwalk, CA Oakland, CA Orange, CA Thousand Oaks, CA Torrance, CA West Covina, CA Bridgeport, CT Hartford, CT Waterbury, CT Cedar Rapids, IA Rockford, IL Ann Arbor, MI 10280 21.3 21.1 12.4 14.4 2.20 26.0 19.9 6541 2.17 23.7 14.7 5012 19.2 9.2 3.01 26.0 19.4 2238 14.0 4.2 3.14 26.8 5.2 6742 17.4 7.1 2.20 25.7 5.8 6376 8307 7179 3620 17.5 20.8 23.7 18.6 2.20 1.43 1.43 1.01 26.3 15.5 14.1 14.3 8.6 20.7 21.6 16.4 11.0 18.1 28.3 13.9 2120 15.4 11.2 3.42 18.4 5.9 3184 18.6 16.0 2.89 17.1 16.8 4201 12.1 4.9 2.90 19.7 6.3 Flint, MI 4088 22.5 22.8 2.18 22.7 15.4 Warren, MI 4158 13.0 9.0 1.27 22.0 11.3 Independence, Mo Billings, MT 1428 2656 15.3 15.8 15.6 10.5 1.68 1.85 18.0 18.8 14.7 7.7 Pop. density (per sq. mi.) (per 1000 pop.) (% of total births) Birth rate Teen birth rate Doctors Student-teacher ratio Drop-out rate (%) City (per 1000 pop.) Greensboro, NC Winston Salem, NC Lincoln, NE Jersey City, NJ Albany, NY Buffalo, NY Syracuse, NY Columbus, OH 2458 15.1 11.8 2.06 15.5 11.7 2182 15.8 14.2 16.1 9.2 15.8 14.3 17.3 2.06 3.24 1.13 13.9 12.8 9.2 3208 15169 14.9 19.9 15.4 18.0 4899 15.2 1.97 15.1 15.0 7708 19.0 1.86 15.3 13.3 6370 15.9 18.4 19.6 19.6 2.46 18.8 2.48 2.30 2.14 3331 16.3 15.6 15.7 762 17.0 Okla City, OK Allentown, PA 17.0 17.4 15.7 5951 17.2 14.3 21.0 13.0 Philadelphia, PA Providence, RI Sioux Falls, SD 11282 8143 2421 2400 17.6 19.7 18.2 17.6 1.83 1.22 19.8 26.0 16.7 19.7 15.7 22.6 16.8 8.4 4.94 9.0 Memphis, TN Amarillo, TX Austin, TX Grand Prairie, TX Laredo, TX Lubbock, TX 19.1 22.1 1.70 13.9 1878 2360 1590 4557 1868 17.8 18.8 19.7 19.7 14.2 16.0 16.8 20.3 1.99 2.80 1.67 1.58 2.76 16.6 16.0 18.4 17.2 14.8 16.4 15.5 14.2 15.0 10.3 24.8 17.1 Mesquite, TX Pasadena, TX San Antonio, TX Alexandria, VA Chesapeake, VA Spokane, WA Charleston, WV Casper, WY 2655 2952 3000 7378 21.9 17.5 18.6 19.1 13.7 17.9 17.5 7.4 1.67 2.17 2.46 1.83 19.0 17.6 15.8 11.1 13.2 18.4 13.1 18.7 530 17.8 11.4 2.54 15.4 9.4 3449 17.5 14.3 13,3 17.3 16.3 3.81 19.4 10.1 1917 3.02 16.2 9.6 2388 17.6 2.97 16.5 8.4

Name: Infant Mortality Rates. In the article “Children’s Environmental Index
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Description: Infant Mortality Rates. In the article “Children’s Environmental Index,” the ZPG (September, 1997) provided data for 219 U.S. cities on 20 variables that measure aspects of the quality of life for children. In this exercise, we consider the relations

MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications

6th Edition

ISBN:9781119256830

Author:Amos Gilat

Publisher:Amos Gilat

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Infant Mortality Rates. In the article “Children’s Environmental Index,” the ZPG (September, 1997) provided data for 219 U.S. cities on 20 variables that measure aspects of the quality of life for children. In this exercise, we consider the relationship between infant mortality rate (1990–1994) and the following 11 predictor variables.

1. Density (population per square mile)

2. Birth rate per 1000 population (1988)

3. Percentage of births to teens (1994)

4. Physicians per 1000 population (1995)

5. Student-to-teacher ratio in schools (1993–1994)

6. Student drop-out rate (1990)

7. Unemployment rate (1995)

8. Percentage of children in poverty (1989)

9. Violent crimes per 1000 population (1995)

10. Percentage of juvenile arrests (1995)

11. Pounds of toxic releases per 1000 population (1994)

We will use the data in the table on pages B-145–B-147, obtained from the article, for 50 cities chosen randomly from the 219 cities considered. Use the technology of your choice to do the following.

a. Use the forward selection method to obtain a regression equation for the data. (Take tenter = 2.00, αenter = 0.05.)

b. Use the backward elimination method to obtain a regression equation for the data. (Take tremove = 2.00, αremove = 0.05.)

c. Use stepwise regression to obtain a regression equation for the data. (Take tenter = tremove = 2.00, αenter = αremove = 0.05.)

d. Are the regression equations obtained in parts (a), (b), and (c) the same?

e. For the regression equation selected by stepwise regression in part (c), obtain plots of residuals versus fitted values, residuals versus the included predictor variables, and a normal probability plot of the residuals. Perform a residual analysis to assess the appropriateness of the regression equation, constancy of the conditional standard deviations, and normality of the conditional distributions. Check for outliers and influential observations.

Pop. density
(per sq. mi.)
Birth rate
Teen birth rate
(% of total births)
Doctors
Student-teacher
Drop-out
rate (%)
City
(per 1000 pop.)
(per 1000 pop.)
ratio
Scottsdale, AZ
Escondido, CA
Fontana, CA
827
3268
12.6
25.5
5.1
13.7
2.27
19.4
25.3
8.5
2.48
20.9
2914
36.5
15.5
2.01
26.8
16.7
2.17
2.40
2.20
2.73
Fremont, CA
2384
19.0
5.5
24.9
6.8
Fresno, CA
3901
8677
5840
27.5
22.7
25.9
18.2
13.4
16.7
24.2
25.4
23.9
14.7
Long Beach, CA
Modesto, CA
18.9
11.2
Norwalk, CA
Oakland, CA
Orange, CA
Thousand Oaks, CA
Torrance, CA
West Covina, CA
Bridgeport, CT
Hartford, CT
Waterbury, CT
Cedar Rapids, IA
Rockford, IL
Ann Arbor, MI
10280
21.3
21.1
12.4
14.4
2.20
26.0
19.9
6541
2.17
23.7
14.7
5012
19.2
9.2
3.01
26.0
19.4
2238
14.0
4.2
3.14
26.8
5.2
6742
17.4
7.1
2.20
25.7
5.8
6376
8307
7179
3620
17.5
20.8
23.7
18.6
2.20
1.43
1.43
1.01
26.3
15.5
14.1
14.3
8.6
20.7
21.6
16.4
11.0
18.1
28.3
13.9
2120
15.4
11.2
3.42
18.4
5.9
3184
18.6
16.0
2.89
17.1
16.8
4201
12.1
4.9
2.90
19.7
6.3
Flint, MI
4088
22.5
22.8
2.18
22.7
15.4
Warren, MI
4158
13.0
9.0
1.27
22.0
11.3
Independence, Mo
Billings, MT
1428
2656
15.3
15.8
15.6
10.5
1.68
1.85
18.0
18.8
14.7
7.7

Pop. density
(per sq. mi.) (per 1000 pop.) (% of total births)
Birth rate
Teen birth rate
Doctors
Student-teacher
ratio
Drop-out
rate (%)
City
(per 1000 pop.)
Greensboro, NC
Winston Salem, NC
Lincoln, NE
Jersey City, NJ
Albany, NY
Buffalo, NY
Syracuse, NY
Columbus, OH
2458
15.1
11.8
2.06
15.5
11.7
2182
15.8
14.2
16.1
9.2
15.8
14.3
17.3
2.06
3.24
1.13
13.9
12.8
9.2
3208
15169
14.9
19.9
15.4
18.0
4899
15.2
1.97
15.1
15.0
7708
19.0
1.86
15.3
13.3
6370
15.9
18.4
19.6
19.6
2.46
18.8
2.48
2.30
2.14
3331
16.3
15.6
15.7
762
17.0
Okla City, OK
Allentown, PA
17.0
17.4
15.7
5951
17.2
14.3
21.0
13.0
Philadelphia, PA
Providence, RI
Sioux Falls, SD
11282
8143
2421
2400
17.6
19.7
18.2
17.6
1.83
1.22
19.8
26.0
16.7
19.7
15.7
22.6
16.8
8.4
4.94
9.0
Memphis, TN
Amarillo, TX
Austin, TX
Grand Prairie, TX
Laredo, TX
Lubbock, TX
19.1
22.1
1.70
13.9
1878
2360
1590
4557
1868
17.8
18.8
19.7
19.7
14.2
16.0
16.8
20.3
1.99
2.80
1.67
1.58
2.76
16.6
16.0
18.4
17.2
14.8
16.4
15.5
14.2
15.0
10.3
24.8
17.1
Mesquite, TX
Pasadena, TX
San Antonio, TX
Alexandria, VA
Chesapeake, VA
Spokane, WA
Charleston, WV
Casper, WY
2655
2952
3000
7378
21.9
17.5
18.6
19.1
13.7
17.9
17.5
7.4
1.67
2.17
2.46
1.83
19.0
17.6
15.8
11.1
13.2
18.4
13.1
18.7
530
17.8
11.4
2.54
15.4
9.4
3449
17.5
14.3
13,3
17.3
16.3
3.81
19.4
10.1
1917
3.02
16.2
9.6
2388
17.6
2.97
16.5
8.4

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