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polymorphs of aluminosilicate (AI,Sio,) that differ in their internal structures and in the conditions un- der which they are stable. The aluminosilicate phase diagram on the right, which uses different colors to delineate the stability zones of these polymorphs, pro- vides insight into how metamorphic minerals respond to changes in temperature and pressure conditions. Examine the phase diagram and answer the following Kyanite Sillimanite questions: (a) Indicate the temperature-pressure (T-P) conditions and estimated depths for rocks A, B, and C in the following table. Assume average geothermal (30°C per kilometer) and geobaric gradients (0.33 kbar per kilometer). 2 Andalusite 400 500 600 700 800 900 1,000 Temperature (°C) Phase diagram showing stability zones for three aluminosilicate (AI SiO.) polymorphs. Pressure (kbar)

polymorphs of aluminosilicate (AI,Sio,) that differ in their internal structures and in the conditions un- der which they are stable. The aluminosilicate phase diagram on the right, which uses different colors to delineate the stability zones of these polymorphs, pro- vides insight into how metamorphic minerals respond to changes in temperature and pressure conditions. Examine the phase diagram and answer the following Kyanite Sillimanite questions: (a) Indicate the temperature-pressure (T-P) conditions and estimated depths for rocks A, B, and C in the following table. Assume average geothermal (30°C per kilometer) and geobaric gradients (0.33 kbar per kilometer). 2 Andalusite 400 500 600 700 800 900 1,000 Temperature (°C) Phase diagram showing stability zones for three aluminosilicate (AI SiO.) polymorphs. Pressure (kbar)

Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)
Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN:9780134746241
Author:Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa
Publisher:Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa
Chapter1: The Study Of Minerals
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1LR
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The minerals andalusite, sillimanite, and kyanite are polymorphs of aluminosilicate (Al, SiO) that differ in their internal structures and in the conditions un- 10 8. der which they are stable. The aluminosilicate phase diagram on the right, which uses different colors to delineate the stability zones of these polymorphs, pro- vides insight into how metamorphic minerals respond to changes in temperature and pressure conditions. Examine the phase diagram and answer the following questions: Kyanite Sillimanite (a) Indicate the temperature-pressure (T-P) conditions and estimated depths for rocks A, B, and C in the following table. Assume average geothermal (30°C per kilometer) and geobaric gradients (0.33 kbar per kilometer). 2 Andalusite 400 500 800 1,000 600 700 900 Temperature (°C) Phase diagram showing stability zones for three aluminosilicate (Al,SIO,) polymorphs. Pressure (kbar)
Transcribed Image Text:The minerals andalusite, sillimanite, and kyanite are polymorphs of aluminosilicate (Al, SiO) that differ in their internal structures and in the conditions un- 10 8. der which they are stable. The aluminosilicate phase diagram on the right, which uses different colors to delineate the stability zones of these polymorphs, pro- vides insight into how metamorphic minerals respond to changes in temperature and pressure conditions. Examine the phase diagram and answer the following questions: Kyanite Sillimanite (a) Indicate the temperature-pressure (T-P) conditions and estimated depths for rocks A, B, and C in the following table. Assume average geothermal (30°C per kilometer) and geobaric gradients (0.33 kbar per kilometer). 2 Andalusite 400 500 800 1,000 600 700 900 Temperature (°C) Phase diagram showing stability zones for three aluminosilicate (Al,SIO,) polymorphs. Pressure (kbar)
Depth (km) based on geothermal gradient Depth (km) based on geobaric gradient Rock Polymorph T ("C) P (kbar) A B (b) What does the discrepancy between depth estimates based on geothermal and geobaric gradients suggest about metamorphism? (C) What mineral changes would occur, and at what temperature and pressure, if • Rock A was heated to 800°C without a change in pressure? • Rock A experienced a drop in pressure to 1.5 kbar without a change in temperature? Rock B was heated to 700°C and pressure on it was increased to 10 kbar? • Rock C was cooled to 500°C without a change in pressure? (d) In some cases, it is possible to detect how rocks have changed position in the crust during metamorphism. Suppose that Rock X has experienced a complex tectonie history in which T-P conditions changed over time as shown by the dashed arrow • Describe the sequence of aluminosilicate phase changes in Rock X and the T-P conditions and depths at which they occurred.
Transcribed Image Text:Depth (km) based on geothermal gradient Depth (km) based on geobaric gradient Rock Polymorph T ("C) P (kbar) A B (b) What does the discrepancy between depth estimates based on geothermal and geobaric gradients suggest about metamorphism? (C) What mineral changes would occur, and at what temperature and pressure, if • Rock A was heated to 800°C without a change in pressure? • Rock A experienced a drop in pressure to 1.5 kbar without a change in temperature? Rock B was heated to 700°C and pressure on it was increased to 10 kbar? • Rock C was cooled to 500°C without a change in pressure? (d) In some cases, it is possible to detect how rocks have changed position in the crust during metamorphism. Suppose that Rock X has experienced a complex tectonie history in which T-P conditions changed over time as shown by the dashed arrow • Describe the sequence of aluminosilicate phase changes in Rock X and the T-P conditions and depths at which they occurred.
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