Polio (poliomyelitis) is a serious disease that either kills or paralyzes a large number of people (especially children) before the development of the vaccine. The first vaccine against polio was developed by the American doctor Dr. Salk in the 1950s. The effectiveness of the vaccine was studied using the following experimental setup: 400,000 elementary school children from grades 1, 2, and 3 participated in the experiment. 200,000 children were vaccinated and 200,000 children were not vaccinated. For each child in the experiment, a coin was flipped. If the result of the flip was heads, the child was placed in the treatment group and received the vaccine injection. If the result was tails, the child was placed in the control group and received a placebo injection (dummy vaccine). The health status of the children was then monitored over a certain period. The children participating in the experiment, their parents, the doctors who administered the injections, and the doctors who monitored the children's health were all unaware of whether the child had received the vaccine or the placebo until after the monitoring period ended. This type of experimental setup is called a randomized double-blind trial. The results of the experiment are given in the table below: Group Treatment Group Control Group Size Incidence per 100,000 200,000 28 200,000 71 Test the statistical null hypothesis that the incidence in the treatment group is equal to that in the control group using a 0.1% significance level, with the alternative hypothesis that the incidence in the treatment group is lower.
Polio (poliomyelitis) is a serious disease that either kills or paralyzes a large number of people (especially children) before the development of the vaccine. The first vaccine against polio was developed by the American doctor Dr. Salk in the 1950s. The effectiveness of the vaccine was studied using the following experimental setup: 400,000 elementary school children from grades 1, 2, and 3 participated in the experiment. 200,000 children were vaccinated and 200,000 children were not vaccinated. For each child in the experiment, a coin was flipped. If the result of the flip was heads, the child was placed in the treatment group and received the vaccine injection. If the result was tails, the child was placed in the control group and received a placebo injection (dummy vaccine). The health status of the children was then monitored over a certain period. The children participating in the experiment, their parents, the doctors who administered the injections, and the doctors who monitored the children's health were all unaware of whether the child had received the vaccine or the placebo until after the monitoring period ended. This type of experimental setup is called a randomized double-blind trial. The results of the experiment are given in the table below: Group Treatment Group Control Group Size Incidence per 100,000 200,000 28 200,000 71 Test the statistical null hypothesis that the incidence in the treatment group is equal to that in the control group using a 0.1% significance level, with the alternative hypothesis that the incidence in the treatment group is lower.
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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Transcribed Image Text:Polio (poliomyelitis) is a serious disease that either kills or paralyzes a large number of people
(especially children) before the development of the vaccine. The first vaccine against polio was
developed by the American doctor Dr. Salk in the 1950s.
The effectiveness of the vaccine was studied using the following experimental setup:
400,000 elementary school children from grades 1, 2, and 3 participated in the experiment. 200,000
children were vaccinated and 200,000 children were not vaccinated. For each child in the experiment,
a coin was flipped. If the result of the flip was heads, the child was placed in the treatment group and
received the vaccine injection. If the result was tails, the child was placed in the control group and
received a placebo injection (dummy vaccine). The health status of the children was then monitored
over a certain period. The children participating in the experiment, their parents, the doctors who
administered the injections, and the doctors who monitored the children's health were all unaware of
whether the child had received the vaccine or the placebo until after the monitoring period ended.
This type of experimental setup is called a randomized double-blind trial.
The results of the experiment are given in the table below:
Group
Treatment Group
Control Group
Size
Incidence per 100,000
200,000
28
200,000
71
Test the statistical null hypothesis that the incidence in the treatment group is equal to that in the
control group using a 0.1% significance level, with the alternative hypothesis that the incidence in
the treatment group is lower.
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