Please read all parts of this question before starting the question. Include the completed code for all parts of this question in a file called superheroes.py. NOTE: To implement encapsulation, all of the instance variables/fields should be considered private. Question 2 (a) Whenever folks on Earth get into trouble they look towards the Superheroes Federation to save them. Design and implement a Python class called Hero that includes the following class variable(s), instance variable(s) and method(s) for the class. Class variable(s): •TotalNumHeroes is the total number of heroes listed with the Federation • TotalNumChallengesMet is the total number of challenges that all the federation members have successfully overcome Attribute(s)/instance variable(s): •herolD is the unique ID number for the superhero (default value "N/A") • lifeName is the real-life name of the superhero (e.g. Bruce Wayne) (default value "N/A") • alterEgo is the secondary self or secret identity of the superhero (e.g. Batman) (default value "N/A") • firstAppeared is the year this superhero was introduced first (e.g. 1939) (default value 0) • knownFor is the special feature for which the hero is known (e.g. can lift unusually heavy objects) (default value "N/A") •toolOfstrength is a tool or weapon that is used by the superhero (e.g. hammer) (default value "N/A") •numOfchallengesMet is a number that indicates how many challenges have been faced and overcome by the superhero (default value 0) The class definition should also include the fllowing method(s): •a constructor/initializer method, including default values •accessor methods to access and return the instance variables herolD, alterEgo, and numofchallengesMet •a mutator method to update (i.e., add an amount to) the instance variable numofChallengesMet •the special method_str_() to print the required information, including the herolD, lifeName, alterEgo, firstAppeared, knownFor, toolofstrength and numofchallengesMet with appropriate descriptive labels as shown in the sample output below

Which of the following statements is false? a. A class can contain only one constructor. b. An example of a behavior is the SetTime method in a Time class. c. An object created from a class is referred to as an instance of the class. d. An instance of a class is considered an object.

In previous chapters, you have created programs for the Greenville Idol competition. Now create a Contestant class with the following characteristics: The Contestant class contains public static arrays that hold talent codes and descriptions. Recall that the talent categories are Singing Dancing, Musical instrument, and Other. The class contains an auto-implemented property that holds a contestants name. The class contains fields for a talent code and description. The set accessor for the code assigns a code only if it is valid. Otherwise, it assigns I for Invalid. The talent description is a read-only property that is assigned a value when the code is set. Modify the GreenvilleRevenue program so that it uses the Contestant class and performs the following tasks: The program prompts the user for the number of contestants in this years competition; the number must be between 0 and 30. The program continues to prompt the user until a valid value is entered. The expected revenue is calculated and displayed. The revenue is $25 per contestant. The program prompts the user for names and talent codes for each contestant entered. Along with the prompt for a talent code, display a list of the valid categories. After data entry is complete, the program displays the valid talent categories and then continuously prompts the user for talent codes and displays the names of all contestants in the category. Appropriate messages are displayed if the entered code is not a character or a valid code.

a. Write a FractionDemo program that instantiates several Fraction objects and demonstrates that their methods work correctly. Create a Fraction class with fields that hold a whole number, a numerator, and a denominator. In addition: Create properties for each field. The set access or for the denominator should not allow a 0 value; the value defaults to 1. Add three constructors. One takes three parameters for a whole number, numerator, and denominator. Another accepts two parameters for the numerator and denominator; when this constructor is used, the whole number value is 0. The last constructor is parameterless; it sets the whole number and numerator to 0 and the denominator to 1. (After construction, Fractions do not have to be reduced to proper form. For example, even though 3/9 could be reduced to 1/3, your constructors do not have to perform this task.) Add a Reduce() method that reduces a Fraction if it is in improper form. For example, 2/4 should be reduced to 1/2. Add an operator+() method that adds two Fractions. To add two fractions, first eliminate any whole number part of the value. For example, 2 1/4 becomes 9/4 and 1 3/5 becomes 8/5. Find a common denominator and convert the fractions to it. For example, when adding 9/4 and 8/5, you can convert them to 45/20 and 32/20. Then you can add the numerators, giving 77/20. Finally, call the Reduce() method to reduce the result, restoring any whole number value so the fractional part of the number is less than 1. For example, 77/20 becomes 3 17/20. Include a function that returns a string that contains a Fraction in the usual display format—the whole number, a space, the numerator, a slash (D, and a denominator. When the whole number is 0, just the Fraction part of the value should be displayed (for example, 1/2 instead of 0 1/2). If the numerator is 0, just the whole number should be displayed (for example, 2 instead of 2 0/3). b. Add an operator*() method to the Fraction class created in Exercise 11a so that it correctly multiplies two Fractions. The result should be in proper, reduced format. Demonstrate that the method works correctly in a program named FractionDemo2. c. Write a program named FractionDem03 that includes an array of four Fractions. Prompt the user for values for each. Display every possible combination of addition results and every possible combination of multiplication results for each Fraction pair (that is, each type will have 16 results).