please help! rate will be given. write the complete solutions and legibly.  APPLIED STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY FOR ENGINEERS > SIMPLE LINEAR REGRESSION An article in the Journal of the Environmental Engineering Division [“Least Squares Estimates of BOD Parameters” (1980, Vol. 106, pp. 1197–1202)] took a sample from the Holston River below Kingport, Tennessee, during August 1977. The biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) test is conducted over a period of time in days. The resulting data follow: See the attached photo Answer the following:  a. Assuming that a simple linear regression model is appropriate, fit the regression model relating BOD (y) to the time (x). What is the estimate of σ2? b. What is the estimate of expected BOD level when the time is 15 days? c. What change in mean BOD is expected when the time changes by 3 days? d. Suppose that the time used is 6 days. Calculate the fitted value of y and the corresponding residual. e. Calculate the fitted ŷi for each value of xi used to fit the model. Then construct a graph of ŷi versus the corresponding observed values yi and comment on what this plot would look like if the relationship between y and x was a deterministic (no random error) straight line. Does the plot actually obtained indicate that time is an effective regressor variable in predicting BOD?

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APPLIED STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY FOR ENGINEERS

SIMPLE LINEAR REGRESSION

An article in the Journal of the Environmental Engineering Division [“Least Squares Estimates of BOD Parameters” (1980, Vol. 106, pp. 1197–1202)] took a sample from the Holston River below Kingport, Tennessee, during August 1977. The biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) test is conducted over a period of time in days. The resulting data follow:

See the attached photo

Answer the following: 

a. Assuming that a simple linear regression model is appropriate, fit the regression model relating BOD (y) to the time (x). What is the estimate of σ2?
b. What is the estimate of expected BOD level when the time is 15 days?
c. What change in mean BOD is expected when the time changes by 3 days?
d. Suppose that the time used is 6 days. Calculate the fitted value of y and the corresponding residual.
e. Calculate the fitted ŷi for each value of xi used to fit the model. Then construct a graph of ŷi versus the corresponding observed values yi and comment on what this plot would look like if the relationship between y and x was a deterministic (no random error) straight line. Does the plot actually obtained indicate that time is an effective regressor variable in predicting BOD? 

 

Time (days):
12
468
10 12 14 16
18 20
BOD (mg/liter): 0.6 0.7 1.5 1.9 2.1 2.6 2.9 3.7 3.5
3.7
3.8
Transcribed Image Text:Time (days): 12 468 10 12 14 16 18 20 BOD (mg/liter): 0.6 0.7 1.5 1.9 2.1 2.6 2.9 3.7 3.5 3.7 3.8
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