Electronic Effects
The effect of electrons that are located in the chemical bonds within the atoms of the molecule is termed an electronic effect. The electronic effect is also explained as the effect through which the reactivity of the compound in one portion is controlled by the electron repulsion or attraction producing in another portion of the molecule.
Drawing Resonance Forms
In organic chemistry, resonance may be a mental exercise that illustrates the delocalization of electrons inside molecules within the valence bond theory of octet bonding. It entails creating several Lewis structures that, when combined, reflect the molecule's entire electronic structure. One Lewis diagram cannot explain the bonding (lone pair, double bond, octet) elaborately. A hybrid describes a combination of possible resonance structures that represents the entire delocalization of electrons within the molecule.
Using Molecular Structure To Predict Equilibrium
Equilibrium does not always imply an equal presence of reactants and products. This signifies that the reaction reaches a point when reactant and product quantities remain constant as the rate of forward and backward reaction is the same. Molecular structures of various compounds can help in predicting equilibrium.
Please explain the R clockwise to S in your answer
R and S configuration can be assigned to the compound using the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog sequence rules:
Rule 1: Select the chiral center in the compound and assign priorities to the atoms based on their atomic number; the atom having the highest atomic number gets the first priority and the atom having the least atomic number gets the fourth priority.
Rule 2: If the isotopes of same atom are attached to the chiral center, then atom with the higher atomic mass gets the higher priority.
Rule 3: If the first atom of each substituent is the same, then give priority to the second atom in each substituent. Continue this process to the third and fourth until the rule difference is reached.
Rule 4: If the substituents have multiple bonds, the multiple-bonded atoms are considered as same number of single-bonded atoms. When the least priority group is above the plane, the configuration gets reversed.
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