Classes Of Functional Groups
Organic Chemistry deals mostly with carbon and hydrogens, also called hydrocarbons, but those groups which replace hydrogen and bonds with carbon to give a characteristic nature, unique of their own, to the hydrocarbon they are attached to, are called functional groups. All the compounds belonging to a functional group undergo reactions in a similar pattern and are known to have similar physical and chemical properties.
Characteristics Of Functional Groups
In organic chemistry, we encounter a number of special substituent groups which are attached to the hydrocarbon backbone. These groups impart certain characteristics to the molecule of which it is a part of and thus, become the highlight of that particular molecule.
IUPAC Nomenclature
In Chemistry, IUPAC stands for International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry which suggested a systematic naming approach for the organic and inorganic compounds, as in the beginning stage of nomenclature one single chemical compound was named in many ways by which lead to confusion. The need for this approach aroused as the number of chemical compounds newly discovered were increasing (approximately 32 million compounds) and the basic concept of nomenclature i.e. the trivial nomenclature and the derived system of nomenclature failed to overcome the challenge. It is an important task to name a chemical compound systematically and unambiguously which reduces lots of confusion about the newly reported compounds.
please draw the strucutre of the compound given all of the following information
![Compound D has a molecular formula of C,H,,0,. What is the Unsaturation Number (UN) or Double-Bond
Equivalent (DBE)?
UN/DBE:
1
Examine the IR spectrum provided for compound D.
Consider the peaks at 3000 and 1750 cm-1 and check the types of bonds they represent in the molecule.
C-H (sp³)
O C-H (sp)
O-H or N-H
V C=0
C-H (sp²)
Based on the molecular formula, the UN/DBE you calculated, and the IR spectrum, check all the functional groups that
could be present in compound D.
O epoxide
ester
ring
ketone
O benzene ring
O alkyne
carboxylic acid
alkene
V ether
V aldehyde
O alcohol
O amine
nitrile
Examine the 13C and 'H spectra of compound D.
There is a peak at ~178 ppm in the 13C spectra.
Which functional group is this characteristic for?
O ketone
O ester
aldehyde
How many equivalent carbons are there in compound D?
number of equivalent carbons:
2
There is a table summarizing the 'H NMR data.
ppm
Integration
Splitting
A
4.10
2H
quartet
В
2.65
1H
multiplet
C
1.30
3H
triplet
D
1.20
6H
doublet
Which two signals are consistent with the presence of an
What alkyl fragment are the other two signals
iso-propyl group?
consistent with?
A
O ethyl group
В
O n-butyl group
n-propyl group
D
O tert-butyl group
O iso-propyl group
Propose a structure for compound D.
Once you have a structure, it is always helpful to go back through the spectral data and make sure that the structure you
came up is consistent with all of it.
Draw the structure of compound D.
O D O O
O D O E>](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F31ef2a9b-f6e1-44a3-bbf7-a878e961a1d5%2F6ee62197-6b3b-4db2-bb3e-b7fb86e8d60e%2Fkez5dh_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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