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Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)
Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN:9780134746241
Author:Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa
Publisher:Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa
Chapter1: The Study Of Minerals
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1LR
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Color Specific gravity Proportions of light and dark minerals Texture Percentage of minerals by volume Color Index Texture 100 Rock ID Fragmental BIN 1 Texture 90 Silica (SiO₂) content Pegmatitic Rock ID 80 Coarse-grained (phaneritic) Fine-grained (aphanitic) 70 Porphyritic Glassy Porous 1050° 60 High Temperature 1400° 800° 50 40 Sample 1A Sample 1B Sample 1C Sample 2A Sample 2B Sample 2C 30 20 Low Temperature 10 0 Color Index 75 BIN 2 Fine Coarse Abundances of minerals in felsic, intermediate, mafic, and ultramafic igneous rocks. Light colored Low specific gravity Felsic Orthoclase High silica content Granitic pegmatite Rhyolite Porphyritic granite or* Porphyritic rhyolite Obsidian Pumice Rhyolite tuff Sample 1A felsic phaneritic Discontinuous series granite 70 Granite Sample 2A felsic Olivine Quartz N/A Muscovite (b) Choose a column based on the abundance of minerals, and select the rock name based on the appropriate texture. *Porphyritic rocks are named for the size of the groundmass grains. For example, a felsic porphyry in which the groundmass grains are coarse is called granite porphyry. If the groundmass grains are small, it is called a rhyolite porphyry. Quartz 65 Aphanitic (Fine- grained) Orthoclase/plagioclase Pyroxene Low Temp Mineral Quartz 70-77% Sample 1B intermediate Phaneritic diorite Amphibole Intermediate Na-rich Biotite Sample 2B mafic Biotite K-Feldspar Muscovite Amphibole Plagioclase 60 55 Percentage of silica by weight Porphyritic diorite or* Porphyritic andesite Bowen's reaction series is a predictable series of minerals that crystalize out of a melt. In Rock ID 1 and 2 you indicated the mineral assemblages of each rock. Those assemblages can tell us the temperature at which the parent magma crystallized into rock. For example, if a rock included only Olivine and Ca-rich Plagioclase, we would know that the rock crystallized out of a melt at approximately 1100 degrees Celsius. For each of the rocks you identified in Rock ID 1 and 2, use Bowen's reaction series to indicate the approximate temperature of the parent magma when the rock crystallized. Use the lowest and highest temperature minerals of the assemblage to determine a range of crystallization temperatures. First minerals to crystallize Diorite Andesite Andesite tuff Volcanic breccia Aphanitic (Fine- grained) rhyolite Sample 1C mafic phaneritic gabbro Quartz Last minerals to crystallize (Na-rich) Ca-rich Sample 2C mafic (Ca-rich) Plagioclase High Temp Mineral Plagioclase Albite (Na rich Plagioclase) Mafic pegmatite Aphanitic (Fine- grained) olivine Continuou Tachylite Scoria/Vesicular basalt Basalt tuff Ultramafic Mafic Pyroxene 50 Felsic Mafic Intermediate 800 to 1000 Porphyritic gabbro or* Porphyritic basalt Anorthite (Ca rich Plagioclase) 1000 to 1200 and Pyroxene Gabbro Basalt Temperature Range (°C) 650-700 C Dark colored High specific gravity Ultramafic Olivine 40 Low silica content Dunite (olivine only) Pyroxenite (pyroxene) Peridotite (olivine + pyroxene) Rocks with these textures and compositions are very rare. 35
Transcribed Image Text:Color Specific gravity Proportions of light and dark minerals Texture Percentage of minerals by volume Color Index Texture 100 Rock ID Fragmental BIN 1 Texture 90 Silica (SiO₂) content Pegmatitic Rock ID 80 Coarse-grained (phaneritic) Fine-grained (aphanitic) 70 Porphyritic Glassy Porous 1050° 60 High Temperature 1400° 800° 50 40 Sample 1A Sample 1B Sample 1C Sample 2A Sample 2B Sample 2C 30 20 Low Temperature 10 0 Color Index 75 BIN 2 Fine Coarse Abundances of minerals in felsic, intermediate, mafic, and ultramafic igneous rocks. Light colored Low specific gravity Felsic Orthoclase High silica content Granitic pegmatite Rhyolite Porphyritic granite or* Porphyritic rhyolite Obsidian Pumice Rhyolite tuff Sample 1A felsic phaneritic Discontinuous series granite 70 Granite Sample 2A felsic Olivine Quartz N/A Muscovite (b) Choose a column based on the abundance of minerals, and select the rock name based on the appropriate texture. *Porphyritic rocks are named for the size of the groundmass grains. For example, a felsic porphyry in which the groundmass grains are coarse is called granite porphyry. If the groundmass grains are small, it is called a rhyolite porphyry. Quartz 65 Aphanitic (Fine- grained) Orthoclase/plagioclase Pyroxene Low Temp Mineral Quartz 70-77% Sample 1B intermediate Phaneritic diorite Amphibole Intermediate Na-rich Biotite Sample 2B mafic Biotite K-Feldspar Muscovite Amphibole Plagioclase 60 55 Percentage of silica by weight Porphyritic diorite or* Porphyritic andesite Bowen's reaction series is a predictable series of minerals that crystalize out of a melt. In Rock ID 1 and 2 you indicated the mineral assemblages of each rock. Those assemblages can tell us the temperature at which the parent magma crystallized into rock. For example, if a rock included only Olivine and Ca-rich Plagioclase, we would know that the rock crystallized out of a melt at approximately 1100 degrees Celsius. For each of the rocks you identified in Rock ID 1 and 2, use Bowen's reaction series to indicate the approximate temperature of the parent magma when the rock crystallized. Use the lowest and highest temperature minerals of the assemblage to determine a range of crystallization temperatures. First minerals to crystallize Diorite Andesite Andesite tuff Volcanic breccia Aphanitic (Fine- grained) rhyolite Sample 1C mafic phaneritic gabbro Quartz Last minerals to crystallize (Na-rich) Ca-rich Sample 2C mafic (Ca-rich) Plagioclase High Temp Mineral Plagioclase Albite (Na rich Plagioclase) Mafic pegmatite Aphanitic (Fine- grained) olivine Continuou Tachylite Scoria/Vesicular basalt Basalt tuff Ultramafic Mafic Pyroxene 50 Felsic Mafic Intermediate 800 to 1000 Porphyritic gabbro or* Porphyritic basalt Anorthite (Ca rich Plagioclase) 1000 to 1200 and Pyroxene Gabbro Basalt Temperature Range (°C) 650-700 C Dark colored High specific gravity Ultramafic Olivine 40 Low silica content Dunite (olivine only) Pyroxenite (pyroxene) Peridotite (olivine + pyroxene) Rocks with these textures and compositions are very rare. 35
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