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Please answer the question by reading the passage. Explain Titchner's study called structuralism. Why was it called this? How did they use introspection and why did it fail. This is not a separate question. Please answer all of it.

Please answer the question by reading the passage. Explain Titchner's study called structuralism. Why was it called this? How did they use introspection and why did it fail. This is not a separate question. Please answer all of it.

Ciccarelli: Psychology_5 (5th Edition)
Ciccarelli: Psychology_5 (5th Edition)
5th Edition
ISBN:9780134477961
Author:Saundra K. Ciccarelli, J. Noland White
Publisher:Saundra K. Ciccarelli, J. Noland White
Chapter1: The Science Of Psychology
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Please answer the question by reading the passage. Explain Titchner's study called structuralism. Why was it called this? How did they use introspection and why did it fail. This is not a separate question. Please answer all of it.
STRUCTURALISM As physicists and chemists discerned the structure of matter, so Edward Bradford Titchener aimed to discover the mind's structure, He engaged people in self-reflective iatrospection (ooking inward), training them to report elements of their experience as they looked at a rose, listened to a metronome, smelled a scent, or tasted a substance. What were their immediate sensations, their images, their feelings? And how did these relate to one another? Alas, introspection proved somewhat unreli- able. It required smart, verbal people, and its results varied from person to person and experience to experience. As introspection waned, so did structuralism. FUNCTIONALISM Hoping to assemble the mind's structure from simple ele- ments was rather like trying to understand a car by examining its disconnected parts. Philosopher-psychologist William James thought it would be more fruitful to consider the evolved functions of our thoughts and feelings. Smelling is what the nose does; thinking is what the brain does. But why do the nose and brain do these things? Under the influence of evolutionary theorist Charles Darwin, James assumed that thinking, like smelling, developed because it was adaptive-it contributed to our ancestors' sur- vival. Consciousness serves a function. It enables us to consider our past, adjust to our structuralism early school of thought promoted by Wundt and Titchener; used introspection to reveal the structure of the human mind. functionalism early school of tho ught promoted by James and influenced by Darwin; explored how mental and behavioral processes function-how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish. William James and Mary Whiton Calkins James was a legendary teacher-writer who authored an impor- tant 1890 psychology text. He mentored Calkins, who became a pioneering memory researcher and the first present, and plan our future. James encouraged explorations of the functions of emo- tions, memories, willpower, habits, and moment-to-moment streams of consciousness. James' writings moved the publisher Henr Holt to offer James a contract for a text- book of the new science of psychology. James agreed and began work in 1878, with an apology for requesting two years to finish his writing, VThe text provedS ectedV woman to be president of the American chore and actually took him 12 years. (Why am I not surprised?) More than a century Later, people still read the resulting Principles of Psychology (1890) and marvel at the brilliance and elegance with which fames intro- duced psychology to the educated public. Psychological Association.
Transcribed Image Text:STRUCTURALISM As physicists and chemists discerned the structure of matter, so Edward Bradford Titchener aimed to discover the mind's structure, He engaged people in self-reflective iatrospection (ooking inward), training them to report elements of their experience as they looked at a rose, listened to a metronome, smelled a scent, or tasted a substance. What were their immediate sensations, their images, their feelings? And how did these relate to one another? Alas, introspection proved somewhat unreli- able. It required smart, verbal people, and its results varied from person to person and experience to experience. As introspection waned, so did structuralism. FUNCTIONALISM Hoping to assemble the mind's structure from simple ele- ments was rather like trying to understand a car by examining its disconnected parts. Philosopher-psychologist William James thought it would be more fruitful to consider the evolved functions of our thoughts and feelings. Smelling is what the nose does; thinking is what the brain does. But why do the nose and brain do these things? Under the influence of evolutionary theorist Charles Darwin, James assumed that thinking, like smelling, developed because it was adaptive-it contributed to our ancestors' sur- vival. Consciousness serves a function. It enables us to consider our past, adjust to our structuralism early school of thought promoted by Wundt and Titchener; used introspection to reveal the structure of the human mind. functionalism early school of tho ught promoted by James and influenced by Darwin; explored how mental and behavioral processes function-how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish. William James and Mary Whiton Calkins James was a legendary teacher-writer who authored an impor- tant 1890 psychology text. He mentored Calkins, who became a pioneering memory researcher and the first present, and plan our future. James encouraged explorations of the functions of emo- tions, memories, willpower, habits, and moment-to-moment streams of consciousness. James' writings moved the publisher Henr Holt to offer James a contract for a text- book of the new science of psychology. James agreed and began work in 1878, with an apology for requesting two years to finish his writing, VThe text provedS ectedV woman to be president of the American chore and actually took him 12 years. (Why am I not surprised?) More than a century Later, people still read the resulting Principles of Psychology (1890) and marvel at the brilliance and elegance with which fames intro- duced psychology to the educated public. Psychological Association.
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