(3) What is/are the independent variable(s) in the study? (3) What is/are the dependent variable(s) in the study? (4) What is/are the quasi-experimental variable(s) in the study?
Dr. I.M. Bright is studying whether digital or real life exhibits at the Greensboro Science Center are preferred by 8-year-old children. Specifically, she will examine whether participants spend more time at the digital animal exhibit or the real animal exhibit. In deciding how to divide children in her sample, she assigns the children who visit in the morning to the digital animal exhibit and the children who visit in the afternoon to the real animal exhibit. She records the amount of active engagement (i.e., time spent) by children at each exhibit.
Dr. Bright found that children spent significantly more time in the digital animal exhibit as compared to the real exhibit and therefore concludes that 8-year-olds prefer digital exhibits.
(3) What is/are the independent variable(s) in the study?
(3) What is/are the dependent variable(s) in the study?
(4) What is/are the quasi-experimental variable(s) in the study?
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE (IV): This can be easily understood as the variable that the researcher controls or changes.
DEPENDENT VARIABLE (DV): The effect is understood by the dependent variables. (the effect on IV on the subject,)
QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL VARIABLE: These are natural variables and can be continuous or categorical. Eg: age, gender, ethnicity, etc.
The right formulation of hypothesis helps in understanding these variables easily. There can be different types of hypothesis- null hypothesis, directional hypothesis, alternate hypothesis. (t*TIP: Null hypothesis is super comfortable for a beginner)
How do we find them in a research statement ?
Drinking coffee increases the concentration levels.
In this research statement it is evident that we are trying to study the impact of consumption of coffee on the concentration levels. Hence the independent variable here is drinking /consumption of coffee and the dependent variable is the concentration levels. Now the statement can be improvised or one can get rid of the extraneous variables by specifying or modifying the research statement.
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