1 Chemistry: An Introduction 2 Measurements And Calculations 3 Matter 4 Chemical Foundations: Elements, Atoms, And Ions 5 Nomenclature 6 Chemical Reactions: An Introduction 7 Reactions In Aqueous Solutions 8 Chemical Composition 9 Chemical Quantities 10 Energy 11 Modern Atomic Theory 12 Chemical Bonding 13 Gases 14 Liquids And Solids 15 Solutions 16 Acids And Bases 17 Equilibrium 18 Oxidation–reduction Reactions And Electrochemistry 19 Radioactivity And Nuclear Energy 20 Organic Chemistry 21 Biochemistry Chapter9: Chemical Quantities
9.1 Information Given By Chemical Equations 9.2 Mole–mole Relationships 9.3 Mass Calculations 9.4 The Concept Of Limiting Reactants 9.5 Calculations Involving A Limiting Reactant 9.6 Percent Yield Chapter Questions Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1ALQ: elate Active Learning Question 2 from Chapter 2 to the concepts of chemical stoichiometry. Problem 2ALQ: You are making cookies and are missing a key ingredient—eggs. You have plenty of the other... Problem 3ALQ: Nitrogen (N2) and hydrogen (H2)react to form ammonia (NH3). Consider the mixture of N2 and H2 in a... Problem 4ALQ Problem 5ALQ: ou know that chemical A reacts with chemical B. You react 10.0 g A with 10.0 g B. What information... Problem 6ALQ: f 10.0 g of hydrogen gas is reacted with 10.0 g of oxygen gas according to the equation... Problem 7ALQ Problem 8ALQ Problem 9ALQ: hat happens to the weight of an iron bar when it rusts? l type='a'> There is no change because mass... Problem 10ALQ Problem 11ALQ: What is meant by the term mole ratio? Give an example of a mote ratio, and explain how it is used in... Problem 12ALQ: Which would produce a greater number of moles of product: a given amount of hydrogen gas reacting... Problem 13ALQ: Consider a reaction represented by the following balanced equation :math>2A+3BC+4D u find that it... Problem 14ALQ Problem 15ALQ: Consider the balanced chemical equation :math>A+5B3C+4D en equal masses of A and B are reacted,... Problem 16ALQ: Which of the following reaction mixtures would produce the greatest amount of product, assuming all... Problem 17ALQ: Baking powder is a mixture of cream of tartar (KHC4H4O6)and baking soda (NaHCO3). When it is placed... Problem 18ALQ: You have seven closed containers each with equal masses of chlorine gas (Cl2). You add 10.0 g of... Problem 19ALQ Problem 20ALQ Problem 21ALQ: Consider the reaction between NO(g)and O2(g)represented below. mg... Problem 1QAP: hat do the coefficients of a balanced chemical equation tell us about the proportions in which atoms... Problem 2QAP: he vigorous reaction between aluminum and iodine gives the balanced equation:... Problem 3QAP Problem 4QAP: hich of the following statements is true for the reaction of nitrogen gas with hydrogen gas to... Problem 5QAP: or each of the following reactions, give the balanced equation for the reaction and state the... Problem 6QAP: or each of the following reactions, give the balanced chemical equation for the reaction and state... Problem 7QAP Problem 8QAP Problem 9QAP: onsider the balanced chemical equation :math>4Al(s)+3O2(g)2Al2O3(s). at mole ratio would you use to... Problem 10QAP: Write the balanced chemical equation for the complete combustion of heptene, C7H14. In combustion,... Problem 11QAP: For each of the following balanced chemical equations, calculate how many moles of product(s) would... Problem 12QAP Problem 13QAP: For each of the following balanced chemical equations, calculate how many grams of the product(s)... Problem 14QAP: For each of the following balanced chemical equations, calculate how many moles and how many grams... Problem 15QAP: For each of the following unbalanced equations, indicate how many moles of the second reactant would... Problem 16QAP: For each of the following unbalanced equations, indicate how many moles of the first product are... Problem 17QAP: What quantity serves as the conversion factor between the mass of a sample and how many moles the... Problem 18QAP Problem 19QAP: Using the average atomic masses given inside the front cover of this book, calculate how many moles... Problem 20QAP: Using the average atomic masses given inside the front cover of this book, calculate the number of... Problem 21QAP: Using the average atomic masses given inside the front cover of this book, calculate the mass in... Problem 22QAP: Using the average atomic masses given inside the front cover of this hook, calculate the mass in... Problem 23QAP: For each of the following unbalanced equations, calculate how many moles of the second reactant... Problem 24QAP: For each of the following unbalanced equations, calculate how many moles of the second reactant... Problem 25QAP: For each of the following unbalanced equations, calculate how many grants of each product would be... Problem 26QAP: Boron nitride reacts with iodine monofluoride i trichlorofluoro methane at 30°C to produce pure... Problem 27QAP: “Smelling salts,” which are used to revive someone who has fainted, typically contain ammonium... Problem 28QAP: Calcium carbide, CaC2, can be produced in an electric furnace by strongly heating calcium oxide... Problem 29QAP: When elemental carbon is burned in the open atmosphere, with plenty of oxygen gas present, the... Problem 30QAP: If baking soda (sodium hydrogen carbonate) is heated strongly, the following reaction occurs:... Problem 31QAP: Although we usually think of substances as “burning” only in oxygen gas, the process of rapid... Problem 32QAP: When yeast is added to a solution of glucose or fructose, the sugars are said to undergo... Problem 33QAP: Sulfurous acid is unstable in aqueous solution and gradually decomposes to water and sulfur dioxide... Problem 34QAP: Small quantities of ammonia gas can be generated in the laboratory by heating an ammonium salt with... Problem 35QAP: Elemental phosphorus bums in oxygen with an intensely hot flame, producing a brilliant light and... Problem 36QAP Problem 37QAP: Ammonium nitrate has been used as a high explosive because it is unstable and decomposes into... Problem 38QAP: If common sugars arc heated too strongly, they char as they decompose into carbon ¡md water vapor.... Problem 39QAP: Thionyl chloride, SOCl2, is used as a very powerful drying agent in many synthetic chemistry... Problem 40QAP Problem 41QAP: Which of the following statements is(are) true? l type='a'> A balanced equation relates the numbers... Problem 42QAP: Explain how one determines which reactant in a process is the limiting reactant. Does this depend... Problem 43QAP: Consider the equation: 2A+B5C. If 10.0 g of A reacts with 5.00 g of B. how is the limiting reactant... Problem 44QAP: Balance the following chemical equation, and then answer the question below.... Problem 45QAP: For each of the following unbalanced reactions, suppose exactly 5.00 moles of each reactant are... Problem 46QAP: For each of the following unbalanced chemical equations, suppose that exactly 5.00 g of each... Problem 47QAP: For each of the following unbalanced chemical equations, suppose 10.0 g of each reactant is taken.... Problem 48QAP: For each of the following unbalanced chemical equations, suppose that exactly 1.00 g of each... Problem 49QAP: For each of the following unbalanced chemical equations, suppose 1.00 g of each reactant is taken.... Problem 50QAP: For each of the following unbalanced chemical equations, suppose that exactly 15.0 g of each... Problem 51QAP: Lead(II) carbonate, also called “white lead,” was formerly used as a pigment in white paints.... Problem 52QAP: Copper(II) sulfate has been used extensively as a fungicide (kills fungus) and herbicide (kills... Problem 53QAP: Lead(II) oxide from an ore can be reduced to elemental lead by heating in a furnace with carbon.... Problem 54QAP: If steel wool (iron) is heated until it glows and is placed in a bottle containing pure oxygen, the... Problem 55QAP: A common method for determining how much chloride ion is present in a sample is to precipitate the... Problem 56QAP: Although many sulfate salts are soluble in water, calcium sulfate is not (Table 7. 1). Therefore, a... Problem 57QAP: Hydrogen peroxide is used as a cleaning agent in the treatment of cuts and abrasions for several... Problem 58QAP: Silicon carbide, SIC, is one of the hardest materials known. Surpassed in hardness only by diamond,... Problem 59QAP Problem 60QAP: The text explains that one reason why the actual yield for a reaction may be less than the... Problem 61QAP: According to his prelaboratory theoretical yield calculations, a student’s experiment should have... Problem 62QAP: An air bag is deployed by utilizing the following re tion the nitrogen gas produced inflates the air... Problem 63QAP: The compound sodium thiosutfate pentahydrate. Na2SO35H2O, is important commercially to the... Problem 64QAP: Alkali metal hydroxides are sometimes used to “scrub” excess carbon dioxide from the air in closed... Problem 65QAP: Although they were formerly called the inert gases, at least the heavier elements of Group 8 do form... Problem 66QAP: Solid copper can be produced by passing gaseous ammonia over solid copper (II) oxide al high... Problem 67AP Problem 68AP Problem 69AP Problem 70AP: When the sugar glucose, C6H12O6, is burned in air, carbon dioxide and water vapor are produced.... Problem 71AP: When elemental copper is strongly heated with sulfur, a mixture of CuS and Cu2Sis produced. with CuS... Problem 72AP: Barium chloride solutions are used in chemical analysis for the quantitative precipitation of... Problem 73AP: The traditional method of analysis for the amount of chloride ion present in a sample is to dissolve... Problem 74AP: For each of the following reactions, give the balanced equation for the reaction and state the... Problem 75AP Problem 76AP: Consider the balanced equation :math>C3H8(g)+5O2(g)3CO2(g)+4H2O(g) at mole ratio enables you to... Problem 77AP: For each of the following balanced reactions, calculate how many moles of each product would be... Problem 78AP: For each of the following balanced equations, indicate how many moles of the product could be... Problem 79AP Problem 80AP: Using the average atomic masses given inside the front cover of the text, calculate the mass in... Problem 81AP: For each of the following incomplete and unbalanced equations, indicate how many moles of the second... Problem 82AP Problem 83AP Problem 84AP: It sodium peroxide is added to water, elemental oxygen gas is generated:... Problem 85AP: When elemental copper is placed in a solution of silver nitrate, the following oxidationreduction... Problem 86AP: When small quantities of elemental hydrogen gas are needed for laboratory work, the hydrogen is... Problem 87AP: The gaseous hydrocarbon acetylene, C2H2, is used in welders’ torches because of the large amount of... Problem 88AP: For each of the following unbalanced chemical equations, suppose exactly 5.0 g of each reactant is... Problem 89AP: For each of the following unbalanced chemical equations, suppose 25.0 g of each reactant is taken.... Problem 90AP: Hydrazine N2H4, emits a large quantity of energy when it reacts with oxygen, which has led to... Problem 91AP: Consider the following reaction: 4NH3(g)+5O2(g)4NO(g)+6H2O(g) a container were to have only 10... Problem 92AP: Before going to lab, a student read in his lab manual that the percent yield for a difficult... Problem 93CP: Consider the following unbalanced chemical equation for the combustion of pentane (C5H12):... Problem 94CP Problem 95CP: Consider the following unbalanced chemical equation. :math>LiOH(s)+CO2(g)Li2CO3(s)+H2O(l) 67.4 g of... Problem 96CP: Over the years, the thermite reaction has been used for welding railroad rails, in incendiary bombs,... Problem 97CP: Consider the following unbalanced chemical equation: :math>H2S(g)+O2(g)SO2(g)+H2O(g) termine the... Problem 98CP: Ammonia gas reacts with sodium metal to form sodium amide (NaNH2)and hydrogen gas. The unbalanced... Problem 99CP Problem 100CP: he production capacity for acrylonitrile (C3H3N)in the United States is over 2 billion pounds per... Problem 1CR Problem 2CR: erhaps the most important concept in introductory chemistry concerns what a mole of a substance... Problem 3CR: ow do we know that 16.00 g of oxygen Contains the same number of atoms as does 12.01 g of carbon,... Problem 4CR Problem 5CR: hat is meant by the percent composition by mass for a corn pound? Describe in general terms how this... Problem 6CR Problem 7CR Problem 8CR Problem 9CR Problem 10CR: Consider the unbalanced equation for the combustion of propane: :math>C3H8(g)+O2(g)CO2(g)+H2O(g)... Problem 11CR Problem 12CR: What is meant by a limiting reactant in a particular reaction? In what way is the reaction... Problem 13CR Problem 14CR Problem 15CR Problem 16CR Problem 17CR: A compound was analyzed and was found to have the following percent composition by mass: sodium,... Problem 18CR Problem 19CR Problem 20CR: Solid calcium carbide (CaC2)reacts with liquid water to produce acetylene gas (C2H2)and aqueous... Problem 21CR: A traditional analysis for samples containing calcium ion was to precipitate the calcium ion with... Problem 11CR
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Platinum is a precious metal that is used as a catalyst for many important industrial reactions. Platinum can be purified by reacting platinum(IV) bromide solution with aluminium metal. To test this purification process, a student reacted 14.4 kg of aluminium metal with excess platinum(IV) bromide solution. After the reaction was complete, the student had extracted 75.4 kg of platinum metal. From this data, calculate the percent error of this experiment.Hint: Write a balanced chemical reaction equation and calculate the theoretical yield of platinum first.
Definition Definition Transformation of a chemical species into another chemical species. A chemical reaction consists of breaking existing bonds and forming new ones by changing the position of electrons. These reactions are best explained using a chemical equation.
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