One of the most important windows to the mysteries of the cosmos is the 21 cm line. With it, astronomers map hydrogen (important in star formation) throughout the universe. An important trait is that it involves a highly forbidden transition that is quite long-lived. It is an excellent example of the coupling of angular momenta. Hydrogen's ground state has no spin-orbit interaction. For / = 0, there is no orbit. However, the proton and electron magnetic moments do interact. Consider the following model. a) The proton sees itself surrounded by a spherically symmetric cloud of 1s electron,which has an intrinsic magnetic dipole moment/spin that has a direction. For the purpose of investigating its effect on the proton, treat this dispersed magnetic moment as behaving effectively like a single loop of current whose radius is a0. Then find the magnetic field at the middle of the loop in terms of e, ħ, me, µ0, and a0.
Quantum mechanics and hydrogen atom
Consider an electron of mass m moves with the velocity v in a hydrogen atom. If an electron is at a distance r from the proton, then the potential energy function of the electron can be written as follows:
Isotopes of Hydrogen Atoms
To understand isotopes, it's easiest to learn the simplest system. Hydrogen, the most basic nucleus, has received a great deal of attention. Several of the results seen in more complex nuclei can be seen in hydrogen isotopes. An isotope is a nucleus of the same atomic number (Z) but a different atomic mass number (A). The number of neutrons present in the nucleus varies with respect to the isotope.
Mass of Hydrogen Atom
Hydrogen is one of the most fundamental elements on Earth which is colorless, odorless, and a flammable chemical substance. The representation of hydrogen in the periodic table is H. It is mostly found as a diatomic molecule as water H2O on earth. It is also known to be the lightest element and takes its place on Earth up to 0.14 %. There are three isotopes of hydrogen- protium, deuterium, and tritium. There is a huge abundance of Hydrogen molecules on the earth's surface. The hydrogen isotope tritium has its half-life equal to 12.32 years, through beta decay. In physics, the study of Hydrogen is fundamental.
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