Phage -Transducing particle 1 A bacteriophage attaches to a specific receptor on a host cell. 1 A transducing particle attaches to a specific receptor on a host cell. Bacterial DNA 2 The phage DNA enters the cell. The empty phage coat remains on the outside of the bacterium. The bacterial DNA is injected into a cell. 3 Enzymes encoded by the phage genome cut the bacterial DNA into small pieces. 3 The injected bacterial DNA integrates into the chromosome by homologous recombination. Replaced host DNA 4 Phage nucleic acid is replicated and coat proteins synthesized. Bacteria multiply with new genetic material. Replaced host DNA is degraded. 5 During construction of viral particles, bacterial DNA can mistakenly enter a protein coat. This creates a transducing particle that carries bacterial DNA instead of phage DNA. (b) The process of transduction Transducing particle O FIGURE 8.20 Generalized Transduction (a) An error during construction of phage particles produces a transducing particle, which contains bacterial DNA instead of phage DNA. (b) The bacterial DNA carried by the transducing particle is injected into a new host, resulting in generalized transduction. Essentially any bacterial gene can be (a) Formation of a transducing particle transferred this wav.

Q: How might a bacteriophage be used to treat bacterial infections in humans?

A: INTRODUCTION Bacteriophages These are the viruses that kills bacteria.

Q: Which of the following is NOT true about transduction? O The bacteriophage's own viral DNA is the…

A: Bacteriophage transduction is a type of genetic transfer in which bacterial DNA is transmitted from…

Q: T7 promotor in yeast, your protein is a large complex protein. Which would be the ideal vector to…

A: * Given that T7 promotor in yeast has a  p large complex protein.  * An expression vector also…

Q: Which type of phages can perform   specialized  transduction?

A: Transduction is the process by which foreign DNA is introduced into the cell by a suitable virus or…

Q: Shown below are the complementation test results involving 4 independently isolated lethal mutants…

A: The correct answer is option c. 1 and 4   Mutants 1 and 4 are in the same group here.  In the…

Q: In what major way does transcription of phage DNA differ inphages T4 and T7?

A: The central dogma of the protein synthesis process involves transcription and translation.…

Q: Describe the events (in words) occurring during conjugation in bacterial cells (using F plasmid…

A: Bacterial conjugation is the transfer of genetic material between bacterial cells by direct…

Q: You have found that two types of bacteria (one large, one small) can undergo horizontal gene…

A: Bacteria are small single cell organisms. They found everywhere on earth. Some of them can survive…

Q: Contrast the size of the single chromosome in bacteriophage l and T2 with that of E. coli. How does…

A: The bacteriophage is the virus that uses bacterial cells as the host.

Q: In the process of transformation 1) cells take up DNA from their environment 2) DNA is transferred…

A: In transformation, the competent cells are made in which the cells are treated with chemicals or…

Q: What functions must a plasmid encode to be self-transmissible?

A: A plasmid that codes for its own mating pair formation (MPF) genes is called self transmissible or…

Q: Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase performed experiments to show that A: the genetic material was DNA…

A: DNA is the organic molecule that carries information from one generation to another. Several…

Q: What are the reasons why bacteriophage does not infect a bacteria

A: A virus that infect bacteria are known as bacteriophage.

Q: Which of the following statement about conjugation is TRUE: During F+ to F- mating, the donor…

A: Conjugation in BacteriaConjugation, often referred to as bacterial sex, is a fascinating process…

Q: What is the function of a vector?a) Destroys cells that do not contain cloned DNAb) Allows cells to…

A: Deoxyribonucleic acid can be defined as the molecule that is composed of two polynucleotide chains…

Q: ) O The bacteriophage can exit the lysogenic state depending on the condition of host c 3) O While…

A: Bacteriophage is a very very small virus that lives on the bacteria. it has two types of cycles the…

Q: Genome sequences show that some pathogenic bacteriacontain virulence genes that promote disease next…

A: Lateral gene transfer (also called horizontal gene transfer) has played an important role in…

Q: What is the difference between the lytic and lysogenic cycle of bacteriophages? In the lysogenic…

A: Bacteriophages are the viruses that are known to infect the bacteria. Once virus enters inside the…

Q: Which of the following statements regarding transduction is FALSE? A) transduction reduces genetic…

A: A virus moves its genetic information from one bacterium to another through a process called…

Q: In the lysogenic cycle of bacteriophages, which of the fol-lowing is true?(a) Lysogeny is the term…

A: Answer- Viruses are the infectious particles that act as living organisms when present inside the…

Q: What does lambda phage do?

A: Bacteriophage is a virus, which infects and replicates within bacteria and archaea. All…

Q: Which structure is result of phage genome site on bacterial chromosome?

A: A virus that parasitizes the bacterial cell and also replicates in it is called bacteriophage. The…

Q: How do you know if a plasmid is taken up by a bacterial cell?

A: In microbiology the term plasmid is used for the tiny extra-chromosomal DNA found in some archaea,…

Q: A bacteriophage λ is found that is able to lysogenize itsE. coli host at 30°C but not at 42°C. What…

A: Introduction  Viruses have two types of life cycles either the Lytic cycle or the Lysogenic life…

Q: What are Bacterial Plasmid Vectors ?

A:

Q: Many transposons move within a genome by replicative mechanisms . They therefore increase in copy…

A: Transposon is a type of genetic element that can "jump" to different places in the genome. Although…

Q: Which of the following is an effective transfection strategy in plant cells? Mark all that apply…

A: Transfection is a technique for genetically altering cells by introducing foreign nucleic acids into…

Q: A protocol calls for 10^3 phage particles as starting material. How much of your phage suspension…

A: Bacteriophage -- Phage means to eat .Bacteriophages are viruses which infect bacteria and phage…

Q: Why is it important to create a restriction map/ vector map?

A: Genome mapping is a technique used to identify or map the locations of genetic markers which can be…

Q: Which of the statements about bacteriophage is FALSE:   a)  specialized transduction is a low…

A: A bacteriophage, sometimes referred to as a phage colloquially, is a duplodnaviria virus that…

Q: E. coli cells are simultaneously infected with two strains of phage λ. One strain has a mutant host…

A: A gene is a stretch of nucleotides present in the DNA molecule. It encodes information for the…

Q: A bacteriophage lytic development cycle is determined by the expression of its genes. How are these…

A: Bacteriophages are also known as phages, these are viruses that infect bacteria for the completion…

Q: If a recipient cell receives DNA from another organism (a donor), horizontal gene transfer can…

A: Deoxyribonucleic acid is a molecule that is  composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around…

Q: This question combines your knowledge of bacterial conjugationand the genetic regulation that…

A: The lytic cycle of the virus is referred to as the cycle in which the virus infects the host cell,…

Q: he cells were incubated for 48 hours after transfection prior to harvesting. The reason for waiting…

A: Transfection : It is the process of artificially introducing nucleic acids into cells ,  to produce…

Q: If two bacterial genes are 0.6 minute apart on the bacterial chromosome,what cotransduction…

A: Transfer of genes in prokaryotes occurs through horizontal transfer mechanisms such as transduction,…

Q: The size of a DNA fragment that can be inserted into an unmodified λ vector is very limited. Large…

A: One of the earliest biological organisms whose transcriptional regulation was thoroughly…

Q: You take an aliquot of competent cells and transform them with pUC plasmid. What should be the part…

A: In this question, we will discuss the essential components of a selection medium used for competent…

Q: Gonorrhea is a sexually transmissible disease (STD) caused by the bacterium Neiserria gonorrhoeae.…

A: Gonorrhea is an STI (sexually transmitted infection) caused by the gram-negative cocci bacterial…

Q: Consider a hypothetical phage whose DNA replicates exclusively by rolling circle replication. A…

A: As per semi conservative model of DNA replication, the newly synthesized daughter DNA molecule will…

Bacterial Genomics

The study of the morphological, physiological, and evolutionary aspects of the bacterial genome is referred to as bacterial genomics. This subdisciplinary field aids in understanding how genes are assembled into genomes. Further, bacterial or microbial genomics has helped researchers in understanding the pathogenicity of bacteria and other microbes.

Transformation Experiment in Bacteria

In the discovery of genetic material, the experiment conducted by Frederick Griffith on Streptococcus pneumonia proved to be a stepping stone.

Plasmids and Vectors

The DNA molecule that exists in a circular shape and is smaller in size which is capable of its replication is called Plasmids. In other words, it is called extra-chromosomal plasmid DNA. Vectors are the molecule which is capable of carrying genetic material which can be transferred into another cell and further carry out replication and expression. Plasmids can act as vectors.