Phage -Transducing particle 1 A bacteriophage attaches to a specific receptor on a host cell. 1 A transducing particle attaches to a specific receptor on a host cell. Bacterial DNA 2 The phage DNA enters the cell. The empty phage coat remains on the outside of the bacterium. The bacterial DNA is injected into a cell. 3 Enzymes encoded by the phage genome cut the bacterial DNA into small pieces. 3 The injected bacterial DNA integrates into the chromosome by homologous recombination. Replaced host DNA 4 Phage nucleic acid is replicated and coat proteins synthesized. Bacteria multiply with new genetic material. Replaced host DNA is degraded. 5 During construction of viral particles, bacterial DNA can mistakenly enter a protein coat. This creates a transducing particle that carries bacterial DNA instead of phage DNA. (b) The process of transduction Transducing particle O FIGURE 8.20 Generalized Transduction (a) An error during construction of phage particles produces a transducing particle, which contains bacterial DNA instead of phage DNA. (b) The bacterial DNA carried by the transducing particle is injected into a new host, resulting in generalized transduction. Essentially any bacterial gene can be (a) Formation of a transducing particle transferred this wav.

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A: The question is asking about the production of infectious virus in two different cell lines, ViRa…

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Q: How did Hershey and Chase show that DNA is passed to new phages in phage reproduction?

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Q: Briefly explain how genes in phages are mapped.

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Q: Why is a host-cell tRNA needed for reverse transcription?

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Q: In what major way does transcription of phage DNA differ inphages T4 and T7?

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A:

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Q: What does lambda phage do?

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Bacterial Genomics

The study of the morphological, physiological, and evolutionary aspects of the bacterial genome is referred to as bacterial genomics. This subdisciplinary field aids in understanding how genes are assembled into genomes. Further, bacterial or microbial genomics has helped researchers in understanding the pathogenicity of bacteria and other microbes.

Transformation Experiment in Bacteria

In the discovery of genetic material, the experiment conducted by Frederick Griffith on Streptococcus pneumonia proved to be a stepping stone.

Plasmids and Vectors

The DNA molecule that exists in a circular shape and is smaller in size which is capable of its replication is called Plasmids. In other words, it is called extra-chromosomal plasmid DNA. Vectors are the molecule which is capable of carrying genetic material which can be transferred into another cell and further carry out replication and expression. Plasmids can act as vectors.