Ionic Equilibrium
Chemical equilibrium and ionic equilibrium are two major concepts in chemistry. Ionic equilibrium deals with the equilibrium involved in an ionization process while chemical equilibrium deals with the equilibrium during a chemical change. Ionic equilibrium is established between the ions and unionized species in a system. Understanding the concept of ionic equilibrium is very important to answer the questions related to certain chemical reactions in chemistry.
Arrhenius Acid
Arrhenius acid act as a good electrolyte as it dissociates to its respective ions in the aqueous solutions. Keeping it similar to the general acid properties, Arrhenius acid also neutralizes bases and turns litmus paper into red.
Bronsted Lowry Base In Inorganic Chemistry
Bronsted-Lowry base in inorganic chemistry is any chemical substance that can accept a proton from the other chemical substance it is reacting with.
- Reagent 1: MCPBA
- Reagent 2: H₂O, H⁺
2. **Reaction 2:**
- **Starting Material:**
- Reagent 1: Br₂
- Reagent 2: NaOEt
3. **Reaction 3:**
- **Starting Material:**
- Reagent 1: OsO₄, NMO
- Reagent 2: HIO₄
4. **Reaction 4:**
- **Starting Material:**
- Reagent 1: NaN₃
- Reagent 2: NaOH
- Reagent 3: EtBr
5. **Reaction 5:**
- **Starting Material:**
- Reagent 1: BH₃, THF
- Reagent 2: H₂O₂, NaOH
6. **Reaction 6:**
- **Starting Material:**
- Reagent 1: Br₂
- Reagent 2: Na, NH₂⁻
### Explaining the Diagrams
- **Reaction 1:**
- A phenyl-substituted alkene undergoes an epoxidation reaction with MCPBA to form an epoxide. Following acid-catalyzed hydrolysis, the epoxide ring is opened to form a diol.
- **Reaction 2:**
- A benzyl alcohol reacts with bromine to form bromohydrin. Subsequently, dehydrohalogenation with sodium ethoxide gives an epoxide.
- **Reaction 3:**
- A phenyl-substituted alkene is subjected to osmium tetroxide-catalyzed dihydroxylation to yield a diol, which is then cleaved by periodic acid to form aldehydes or ketones.
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