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Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, is a highly contagious respiratory disease. Below is a graph showing the prevalence of cases of pertussis in England and Wales. Answer ALL of the following questions based on the graph. 1) What do the orange and the green lines signify? 2) Make TWO inferences on the relationship between the orange and the green lines.  3)  Estimate within a 5-year span, the approximate time that a vaccine for pertussis became available.

Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, is a highly contagious respiratory disease. Below is a graph showing the prevalence of cases of pertussis in England and Wales. Answer ALL of the following questions based on the graph. 1) What do the orange and the green lines signify? 2) Make TWO inferences on the relationship between the orange and the green lines.  3)  Estimate within a 5-year span, the approximate time that a vaccine for pertussis became available.

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
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Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, is a highly contagious respiratory disease. Below is a graph showing the prevalence of cases of pertussis in England and Wales. Answer ALL of the following questions based on the graph. 1) What do the orange and the green lines signify? 2) Make TWO inferences on the relationship between the orange and the green lines.  3)  Estimate within a 5-year span, the approximate time that a vaccine for pertussis became available. 
### Analysis of Disease Incidence and Vaccine Acceptance in England and Wales #### Incidence of Disease Per 100,000 (1940-1990) The provided graph comprehensively illustrates the incidence of a certain disease per 100,000 people in England and Wales from 1940 to 1990. 1. **Y-Axis (Incidence per 100,000):** - This vertical axis represents the number of disease cases per 100,000 individuals. - The range extends from 0 to 500. 2. **X-Axis (Year):** - This horizontal axis highlights the years from 1940 to 1990. #### Key Observations: - **Early Years (1940-1950):** - There is a significant spike in incidence around 1940, reaching well over 400 cases per 100,000 individuals. - Post the initial peak, there is an increase in fluctuations, with values remaining above 50 cases per 100,000. - **Mid-Years (1950-1970):** - A noticeable decline in incidence begins and continues until the early 1970s, where the disease incidence drops drastically. - By the end of this period, incidence drops below 50 cases per 100,000. - **Later Years (1970-1990):** - The incidence remains relatively low with minor fluctuations around 50 cases per 100,000. - By the end of the 1980s and beginning of the 1990s, the incidence is negligible. #### Vaccine Acceptance: - **Vaccination Trends (1960-1980):** - The graph also provides a red line showing the percentage of vaccine acceptance. - This begins at about 81% in the 1960s. - **Decline in Acceptance:** - A notable decrease occurs, reaching a low of approximately 31%. - **Resurgence:** - Following this drop, there is a noticeable increase in vaccine acceptance that continues upwards. - By approximately 1990, the acceptance rate reaches 93%. #### Summary: The graph indicates a strong correlation between vaccine acceptance and the decrease in disease incidence. As the rate of vaccine acceptance increased over time, especially after the period of low acceptance, the incidence of the disease dropped significantly, showcasing the efficacy and importance of vaccination programs in controlling disease spread. Understanding these trends helps to reinforce the
Transcribed Image Text:### Analysis of Disease Incidence and Vaccine Acceptance in England and Wales #### Incidence of Disease Per 100,000 (1940-1990) The provided graph comprehensively illustrates the incidence of a certain disease per 100,000 people in England and Wales from 1940 to 1990. 1. **Y-Axis (Incidence per 100,000):** - This vertical axis represents the number of disease cases per 100,000 individuals. - The range extends from 0 to 500. 2. **X-Axis (Year):** - This horizontal axis highlights the years from 1940 to 1990. #### Key Observations: - **Early Years (1940-1950):** - There is a significant spike in incidence around 1940, reaching well over 400 cases per 100,000 individuals. - Post the initial peak, there is an increase in fluctuations, with values remaining above 50 cases per 100,000. - **Mid-Years (1950-1970):** - A noticeable decline in incidence begins and continues until the early 1970s, where the disease incidence drops drastically. - By the end of this period, incidence drops below 50 cases per 100,000. - **Later Years (1970-1990):** - The incidence remains relatively low with minor fluctuations around 50 cases per 100,000. - By the end of the 1980s and beginning of the 1990s, the incidence is negligible. #### Vaccine Acceptance: - **Vaccination Trends (1960-1980):** - The graph also provides a red line showing the percentage of vaccine acceptance. - This begins at about 81% in the 1960s. - **Decline in Acceptance:** - A notable decrease occurs, reaching a low of approximately 31%. - **Resurgence:** - Following this drop, there is a noticeable increase in vaccine acceptance that continues upwards. - By approximately 1990, the acceptance rate reaches 93%. #### Summary: The graph indicates a strong correlation between vaccine acceptance and the decrease in disease incidence. As the rate of vaccine acceptance increased over time, especially after the period of low acceptance, the incidence of the disease dropped significantly, showcasing the efficacy and importance of vaccination programs in controlling disease spread. Understanding these trends helps to reinforce the
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