Patients taking metformin are at increased risk of developing lactic acidosis. How does metformin act to Increase this risk? Metformin stimalates the conumption af pyruvate via gluenneogenesis. This in tum stimuates the uptakr of lactic acid by the liver for conversion to Pyrwate Metformin inhibes gluconeogenesin, which preverts tactic acid from being removed from the blood by the ver and being convertnd to pynvate for gluoneogenesis, Thn keadt to inereeted trculating lactik acid. Hetformin stimulatem gycogenesis, which helps remove ecrn glurose from the bloed, kwerng the amunt ef Lectic acid in the blond Meetormin inhbits beta exidanon, which decreate the amourt of gluee rereded and thu reduces the remove of lactic acit from the blood

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Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways

Metabolic pathways allude to the arrangement of chemical catalyzed reactions that lead to the transformation of a substance into the final product. Metabolic pathways incorporate a progression of reaction where the substrate is changed continuously and the transitional metabolites are persistently recovered.

Glucogenesis

Glucogenesis is a metabolic pathway in which glucose is produced from carbon substrates that are not carbohydrates. This process is observed in plants, animals, fungi, bacteria and other micro organisms. The general  definition for glucogenesis or gluconeogenesis is as follows,