Participants are asked whether they currently smoke or not. In addition, laboratory tests are performed on hair samples to determine presence or absence of nicotine. The laboratory assessment is considered the gold standard, or truth about nicotine consumption. The data are as follows: Nicotine Absent Nicotine Present Self-reported nonsmoker 90 17 Self-reported smoker 10 50 What is the specificity of self-reported smoking status? Please Provide how to use the formula. Thank you
Inverse Normal Distribution
The method used for finding the corresponding z-critical value in a normal distribution using the known probability is said to be an inverse normal distribution. The inverse normal distribution is a continuous probability distribution with a family of two parameters.
Mean, Median, Mode
It is a descriptive summary of a data set. It can be defined by using some of the measures. The central tendencies do not provide information regarding individual data from the dataset. However, they give a summary of the data set. The central tendency or measure of central tendency is a central or typical value for a probability distribution.
Z-Scores
A z-score is a unit of measurement used in statistics to describe the position of a raw score in terms of its distance from the mean, measured with reference to standard deviation from the mean. Z-scores are useful in statistics because they allow comparison between two scores that belong to different normal distributions.
Participants are asked whether they currently smoke or not. In addition, laboratory tests are performed on hair samples to determine presence or absence of nicotine. The laboratory assessment is considered the gold standard, or truth about nicotine consumption. The data are as follows:
|
|
Nicotine Absent |
Nicotine Present |
|
Self-reported nonsmoker |
90 |
17 |
|
Self-reported smoker |
10 |
50 |
What is the specificity of self-reported smoking status? Please Provide how to use the formula. Thank you
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