Part B: Short/Long Questions 1. Predict which one in each of the following pairs of substances has a higher boiling point. Explain your choice. (a) Magnesium chloride and chlorine (b) Silicon dioxide and sulphur dioxide (c) Aluminium and sodium (d) CCl4 and SiCl4
States of Matter
The substance that constitutes everything in the universe is known as matter. Matter comprises atoms which in turn are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Different atoms combine together to give rise to molecules that act as a foundation for all kinds of substances. There are five states of matter based on their energies of attraction, namely solid, liquid, gases, plasma, and BEC (Bose-Einstein condensates).
Chemical Reactions and Equations
When a chemical species is transformed into another chemical species it is said to have undergone a chemical reaction. It consists of breaking existing bonds and forming new bonds by changing the position of electrons. These reactions are best explained using a chemical equation.
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![Part B: Short/Long Questions
1.
Predict which one in each of the following pairs of substances has a higher boiling point. Explain your
choice.
(a) Magnesium chloride and chlorine
(b) Silicon dioxide and sulphur dioxide
(c) Aluminium and sodium
(d) CCl4 and SiCl4
2.
3.
(a) Describe and explain the trends of the boiling points of halogens down the group.
(b) Describe and explain the trends of the boiling points of Group 1 metals down the group.
Describe the formation of dative covalent bond using NH4* as example.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F587ee542-e403-41c9-ba3b-1b840df3512e%2Fc8aea3a8-a4c9-4b45-96ef-c542fe7a937b%2Fn59cj99_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
![Sulphur reacts with carbon and potassium separately to form compound P and compound Q.
(a) Draw an electron diagram of compound P, showing electrons in the outermost shells only.
(b)
(i) Draw an electron diagram of compound Q, showing electrons in the outermost shells only.
(ii) Discuss, with explanation, the electrical conductivity of compound Q with reference to the
type and property of the particles in it.
Both fluorine, chlorine and bromine are Group VII elements in the periodic table.
(a) To which period of the periodic table does bromine belong? Explain your answer.
(b) Draw an electron diagram of the compound formed between fluorine and chlorine, showing
electrons in the outermost shells only.
(c) Sodium reacts with chlorine to form sodium chloride.
(i)
Finish the following diagram to show the structure of sodium chloride.
(ii) Explain why solid sodium chloride is brittle.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F587ee542-e403-41c9-ba3b-1b840df3512e%2Fc8aea3a8-a4c9-4b45-96ef-c542fe7a937b%2F9ptkm8g_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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