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Part A: Introduction to Equilibrium – Where does a reaction stop? - Objectives • Be able to describe the principle of a dynamic equilibrium, and the equilibrium state. • Be able to relate the rate of the forward and reverse reactions at equilibrium and discuss the relative eq. concentrations of the reactants and products using both words and graphs. • Be able to distinguish equilibrium concentrations from other, general, concentrations. Consider the following reaction: CH HC cis-2-butene trans-2-butene 0.10 * 0.08 + 0.06- 0.04 e000000 e0000000e00 0.02+ 0.00 10 20 30 40 50 time (s) Critical Thinking Questions 1. Label each curve with the appropriate species name. 2. Using the data in the figure above, at what time does the reaction no longer show any real change? (trans) 3. Using the graph, estimate the ratio of product concentration over reactant concentration (cis) at: (a) t= 1 second (b) t = 5 seconds (c) t= 10 seconds (d) t= 25 seconds (e) t= 50 seconds Concentration (M)

Part A: Introduction to Equilibrium – Where does a reaction stop? - Objectives • Be able to describe the principle of a dynamic equilibrium, and the equilibrium state. • Be able to relate the rate of the forward and reverse reactions at equilibrium and discuss the relative eq. concentrations of the reactants and products using both words and graphs. • Be able to distinguish equilibrium concentrations from other, general, concentrations. Consider the following reaction: CH HC cis-2-butene trans-2-butene 0.10 * 0.08 + 0.06- 0.04 e000000 e0000000e00 0.02+ 0.00 10 20 30 40 50 time (s) Critical Thinking Questions 1. Label each curve with the appropriate species name. 2. Using the data in the figure above, at what time does the reaction no longer show any real change? (trans) 3. Using the graph, estimate the ratio of product concentration over reactant concentration (cis) at: (a) t= 1 second (b) t = 5 seconds (c) t= 10 seconds (d) t= 25 seconds (e) t= 50 seconds Concentration (M)

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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### Part A: Introduction to Equilibrium – Where does a reaction stop? **Objectives** - Be able to describe the principle of a dynamic equilibrium, and the equilibrium state. - Be able to relate the rate of the forward and reverse reactions at equilibrium and discuss the relative equilibrium concentrations of the reactants and products using both words and graphs. - Be able to distinguish equilibrium concentrations from other, general, concentrations. #### Consider the following reaction: - The reaction depicts the interconversion of cis-2-butene to trans-2-butene. #### Graph Description: The provided graph illustrates the concentration (in Molarity, M) versus time (in seconds, s) for the reaction between cis-2-butene and trans-2-butene. The y-axis represents the concentration (M), while the x-axis represents time (seconds, s). There are two curves on the graph: - One curve starts at a higher concentration (10 M) and decreases over time, forming a shape that levels off at a lower concentration. - The other curve starts at a lower concentration and increases over time, then levels off at a higher concentration. At around 25 seconds, both curves level off and become constant, indicating that the reaction has reached a state of dynamic equilibrium. #### Critical Thinking Questions 1. **Label each curve with the appropriate species name.** - Identify which curve represents cis-2-butene and which represents trans-2-butene based on the description. 2. **Using the data in the figure above, at what time does the reaction no longer show any real change?** - Use the graph to determine the approximate time at which the concentrations of both species become constant, indicating equilibrium. 3. **Using the graph, estimate the ratio of product concentration over reactant concentration (trans/cis) at:** - (a) t = 1 second - (b) t = 5 seconds - (c) t = 10 seconds - (d) t = 25 seconds - (e) t = 50 seconds Carefully analyze the graph to determine the concentrations at the specified time points and calculate the ratio of trans-2-butene (product) concentration to cis-2-butene (reactant) concentration at each of these times.
Transcribed Image Text:### Part A: Introduction to Equilibrium – Where does a reaction stop? **Objectives** - Be able to describe the principle of a dynamic equilibrium, and the equilibrium state. - Be able to relate the rate of the forward and reverse reactions at equilibrium and discuss the relative equilibrium concentrations of the reactants and products using both words and graphs. - Be able to distinguish equilibrium concentrations from other, general, concentrations. #### Consider the following reaction: - The reaction depicts the interconversion of cis-2-butene to trans-2-butene. #### Graph Description: The provided graph illustrates the concentration (in Molarity, M) versus time (in seconds, s) for the reaction between cis-2-butene and trans-2-butene. The y-axis represents the concentration (M), while the x-axis represents time (seconds, s). There are two curves on the graph: - One curve starts at a higher concentration (10 M) and decreases over time, forming a shape that levels off at a lower concentration. - The other curve starts at a lower concentration and increases over time, then levels off at a higher concentration. At around 25 seconds, both curves level off and become constant, indicating that the reaction has reached a state of dynamic equilibrium. #### Critical Thinking Questions 1. **Label each curve with the appropriate species name.** - Identify which curve represents cis-2-butene and which represents trans-2-butene based on the description. 2. **Using the data in the figure above, at what time does the reaction no longer show any real change?** - Use the graph to determine the approximate time at which the concentrations of both species become constant, indicating equilibrium. 3. **Using the graph, estimate the ratio of product concentration over reactant concentration (trans/cis) at:** - (a) t = 1 second - (b) t = 5 seconds - (c) t = 10 seconds - (d) t = 25 seconds - (e) t = 50 seconds Carefully analyze the graph to determine the concentrations at the specified time points and calculate the ratio of trans-2-butene (product) concentration to cis-2-butene (reactant) concentration at each of these times.
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