Paired Samples Test Paired Differences 95% Confidence Interval of the Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean Difference Lower Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Upper df Misbehaved - Normal Pair 6.2500 4.8033 1.6982 10.2656 .008 2.2344 3.680 Lecture Anxiety levels were significantly higher in lectures in which students misbehaved. There were no significant differences between anxiety levels in normal behavior lectures and in those in which students misbehaved. Anxiety levels were significantly lower in lectures in which students misbehaved. We can't tell any of the above from the output given.
Inverse Normal Distribution
The method used for finding the corresponding z-critical value in a normal distribution using the known probability is said to be an inverse normal distribution. The inverse normal distribution is a continuous probability distribution with a family of two parameters.
Mean, Median, Mode
It is a descriptive summary of a data set. It can be defined by using some of the measures. The central tendencies do not provide information regarding individual data from the dataset. However, they give a summary of the data set. The central tendency or measure of central tendency is a central or typical value for a probability distribution.
Z-Scores
A z-score is a unit of measurement used in statistics to describe the position of a raw score in terms of its distance from the mean, measured with reference to standard deviation from the mean. Z-scores are useful in statistics because they allow comparison between two scores that belong to different normal distributions.
A researcher was interested in stress levels of lecturers during lecturers. She took the same group of 8 lecturers and measured their anxiety (out of 15) during a normal lecture and again in a lecture in which she had paid students to be disruptive and misbehave. Based on the SPSS output how would you interpret these results?
Misbehaved Mean = 12.75
Normal Behavior Mean = 6.5
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