Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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Question
The following image shows the basic cross sectional structure of a 9 + 2 array in a microtubule. The two images below it show cross sections of the microtubule flagellum of sperms cells from a man affected by Kartagener syndrome and an unaffected man. Examine these images, then answer the questions that follow.
What structure appears to be underdeveloped or missing in the microtubules of the sperm flagellum affected by Kartagener syndrome?
A. Pairs of microtubules
B. The dynein "arms"
C. The plasma membrane

Transcribed Image Text:The image illustrates the cross-sectional structure of a sperm flagellum, highlighting differences between unaffected sperm and sperm affected by Kartagener syndrome.
### Diagram Details:
#### Cross-section of Sperm Flagellum
- **Plasma Membrane**: The outermost layer encircling the structure.
- **Pair of Microtubules**: Arranged in a ring around a central pair, forming the classic "9+2" microtubule arrangement.
- **Dynein 'Arm'**: Protein structures that facilitate movement, shown between the microtubule pairs.
#### Comparative Visuals:
- **Sperm Affected by Kartagener Syndrome**:
- The microtubule arrangement is disrupted, which affects the motility of the sperm.
- **Unaffected Sperm**:
- Shows a healthy "9+2" arrangement of microtubules, which is crucial for proper flagellar movement and function.
Kartagener syndrome is characterized by immotile cilia due to a defect in the dynein arms, which impacts cellular motility and results in issues like respiratory problems and reduced fertility.
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