Packaging Solutions Corporation manufactures and sells a wide variety of packaging products. Performance-reports are prepared monthly for each department. The planning budget and flexible budget for the Production Department are based on the following formulas, where q is the number of labor-hours worked in a month: Cost Formulas Direct labor Indirect labor Utilities Supplies Equipment depreciation Factory rent Property taxes Factory administration $15.80g $8,200 + $1.60q $6,400 + $0.80q $1,100 + $0.40q $23,000 + $3.70g $৪,400 $2,100 $11,700 + $1.90q The Production Department planned to work 8,000 labor-hours in March; however, it actually worked 8,400 labor-hours during the month. Its actual costs incurred in March are listed below: Actual Cost Incurred in March Direct labor $ 134,730 $ 19,860 $ 14,570 $ 4,980 $ 54,080 $ 8,700 $ 2,100 $ 26,470 Indirect labor Utilities Supplies Equipment depreciation Factory rent Property taxes Factory administration Required: 1. Prepare the Production Department's planning budget for the month. 2. Prepare the Production Department's flexible budget for the month. 3. Calculate the spending variances for all expense items.
Master Budget
A master budget can be defined as an estimation of the revenue earned or expenses incurred over a specified period of time in the future and it is generally prepared on a periodic basis which can be either monthly, quarterly, half-yearly, or annually. It helps a business, an organization, or even an individual to manage the money effectively. A budget also helps in monitoring the performance of the people in the organization and helps in better decision-making.
Sales Budget and Selling
A budget is a financial plan designed by an undertaking for a definite period in future which acts as a major contributor towards enhancing the financial success of the business undertaking. The budget generally takes into account both current and future income and expenses.

![**Exercise 9-16 (Static) Flexible Budgets in a Cost Center [LO9-1, LO9-2]**
Packaging Solutions Corporation manufactures and sells a wide variety of packaging products. Performance reports are prepared monthly for each department. The planning budget and flexible budget for the Production Department are based on the following formulas, where q is the number of labor-hours worked in a month:
| Cost Item | Cost Formulas |
|----------------------------|---------------------|
| Direct labor | $8.20q |
| Indirect labor | $8,200 + $1.80q |
| Utilities | $1,400 + $0.90q |
| Supplies | $3.00q |
| Equipment depreciation | $23,000 + $0.40q |
| Factory rent | $7,800 |
| Property taxes | $4,700 |
| Factory administration | $11,700 + $2.10q |
The Production Department planned to work 8,000 labor-hours in March; however, it actually worked 8,400 labor-hours during the month. Its actual costs incurred in March are listed below:
| Cost Item | Actual Cost Incurred in March |
|-----------------------------|--------------------------------|
| Direct labor | $134,730 |
| Indirect labor | $19,860 |
| Utilities | $9,580 |
| Supplies | $14,870 |
| Equipment depreciation | $26,700 |
| Factory rent | $7,800 |
| Property taxes | $4,700 |
| Factory administration | $28,710 |
**Required:**
1. Prepare the Production Department's planning budget for the month.
2. Prepare the Production Department’s flexible budget for the month.
3. Calculate the spending variances for each expense item.
*Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below.*
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This exercise involves creating a planning and flexible budget for a cost center, specifically focusing on labor and overhead costs, and calculating variances based on actual expenditures versus planned and flexible budgets.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F021aac88-c6bc-4ddd-b7ae-2df38e1963f1%2F7fd2d946-eb69-42d8-9e2b-1433744d013b%2F9kzdcqm_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)

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