P-1 A 9-meter-pre-stressed beam having a cross-section of 500 mm x 800 mm is subjected to a pre-stressing force of 2000 kN on parabolic tendons with e = 150 mm. The beam carries a total load of 50 kN/m. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum stress at the top in MPa. * 9.90 2.78 5.97

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Design of pavements

Pavement is a structure that is made up of different layers such as sub-base course layer, base course layer, binder course, and a surface course formed with different materials such as gravel, above the subgrade soil constructed to act as a path or carriageway enabling the movement of vehicles. The surface of the pavement should possess characteristics such as adequate friction, light reflection, and drainage. The pavements are classified based on structural design into rigid pavements, flexible pavements, composite pavements, and unpaved pavements. The process of determining a suitable pavement type, its constituent layers, and its thickness is called pavement design.