Answered: Oxygen molecule (02) Nitrogen molecule…

Science

Physics

Oxygen molecule (02) Nitrogen molecule (N2) Hydrogen molecule (H2) Carbon dioxide molecule (CO2) Water molecule (H2O)

Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations and Connections

1st Edition

ISBN:9781133939146

Author:Katz, Debora M.

Publisher:Katz, Debora M.

Chapter15: Fluids

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 79PQ

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The mass of a hot-air balloon and its cargo (not including the air inside) is 200 kg. The air outside is at 10.0C and 101 kPa. The volume of the balloon is 400 m3. To what temperature must the air in the balloon be warmed before the balloon will lift off? (Air density at 10.0C is 1.244 kg/m3.)
The density or gasoline is 7.30 102 kg/m3 at 0C. Its average coefficient of volume expansion is 9.60 104(C)1 and note that 1.00 gal = 0.003 80 m3. (a) Calculate the mass of 10.0 gal of gas at 0C. (b) If 1.000 m3 of gasoline at 0C is warmed by 20.0C, calculate its new volume. (c) Using the answer to part (b), calculate the density of gasoline at 20.0C. (d) Calculate the mass of 10.0 gal of gas at 20.0C. (e) How many extra kilograms of gasoline would you get if you bought 10.0 gal of gasoline at 0C rather than at 20.0C from a pump that is not temperature compensated?
(a) Using data from the previous problem, find the mass of nitrogen, oxygen, and argon in 1 mol of dry air. The molar mass of N2 is 28.0 g/mol, that of O2 is 32.0 g/mol, and that of argon is 39.9 g/mol. (b) Dry air is mixed with pentane 5 H12, molar mass 72.2 g/mol), an important constituent of gasoline, in an air-fuel ratio of 15:1 by mass (roughly typical for car engines). Find the partial pressure of pentane in this mixture at an overall pressure of 1.00 atm.
em>. The volume of an ideal gas enclosed in a thin, elastic membrane in a room at sea level where the air temperature is 18°C is 8 10-3 m3 .If the temperature of the room is increased by 10°C, what is the new volume of the gas?
A cylinder with a piston holds 0.50 m3 of oxygen at an absolute pressure of 4.0 atm. The piston is pulled outward, increasing the volume of the gas until the pressure drops to 1.0 atm. If the temperature stays constant, what new volume does the gas occupy? (a) 1.0 m3 (b) 1.5 m3 (c) 2.0 m3 (d) 0.12 m3 (e) 2.5 m3
Dry air is primarily composed of nitrogen. In a classroom demonstration, a physics instructor pours 2.00 L of liquid nitrogen into a beaker. After the nitrogen evaporates, how much volume does it occupy if its density is equal to that of the dry air at sea level? Liquid nitrogen has a density of 808 kg/m3.
How many cubic meters of helium are required to lift a balloon with a 400-kg payload to a height of 8 000 m? Take He = 0.179 kg/m3. Assume the balloon maintains a constant volume and the density of air decreases with the altitude z according to the expression air = 0ez/8, where z is in meters and 0 = 1.20 kg/m3 is the density of air at sea level.
If the average kinetic energy of the molecules in an ideal gas initially at 20C doubles, what is the final temperature of the gas? (5.6) (a) 10C (b) 40C (c) 313C (d) 586C
You are working as an expert witness for an attorney who is suing a shipping company. The company operates ships that carry crude oil across the oceans. One ship suffered an oil spill, in which the spilled oil spreads out into a slick, forming a thin film that floats on the ocean surface. The legal issue is whether or not the ship spilled more or less than a volume of 10.0 m3 of oil into the ocean. You are reading documents that describe the oil slick on the ocean surface. In one document, you find out that reflection tests were performed on the oil slick. These tests showed that the ocean surface showed a maximum of interference for 500-nm light over a circular area of radius 4.25 km surrounding the location at which the spill occurred. At distances farther from the location, the ocean surface showed no constructive interference, indicating that no oil was present. The type of oil involved has an index of refraction of n = 1.25. Determine for the attorney the minimum amount of oil that was spilled.
When a certain gas under a pressure of 5.00 106 Pa at 25.0C is allowed to expand to 3.00 times its original volume, its final pressure is 1.07 106 Pa. What is its final temperature? (a) 450 K (b) 233 K (c) 212 K (d) 191 K (e) 115 K
A 20.0-L tank of carbon dioxide gas (CO2) is at a pressure of 9.50 105 Pa and temperature of 19.0C (a) Calculate the temperature of the gas in Kelvin. (b) Use the ideal gas law to calculate the number of moles of gas in the tank. (c) Use the periodic table to compute the molecular weight of carbon dioxide, expressing it in grams per mole. (d) Obtain the number of grains of carbon dioxide in the tank. (e) A fire breaks out, raising the ambient temperature by 224.0 K while 82.0 g of gas leak out of the tank. Calculate the new temperature and the number of moles of gas remaining in the tank. (f) Using a technique analogous to that in Example 10.6b, find a symbolic expression for the final pressure, neglecting the change in volume of the tank. (g) Calculate the final pressure in the tank as a result of the fire and leakage.
There is relatively little empty space between atoms in solids and liquids, so that the average density of an atom is about the same as matter on a macroscopic scale—approximately 103kg/m3. The nucleus of an atom has a radius about 10-5 that of the atom and contains nearly all the mass of the entire atom. (a) What is the approximate density of a nucleus? (b) One remnant of a supernova, called a neutron star, can have the density of a nucleus. What would be the radius of a neutron star with a mass 10 times that of our Sun (the radius of the Sun is 7108 m)?