Over the past year, Julie has gradually gained weight. The increasein adipose tissue is distributed over her trunk, face, and neck, and hermuscle mass appears to be decreased. Julie also feels weak and bruiseseasily. Her physician suspects Cushing syndrome and orders a seriesof blood tests. The results reveal elevated blood levels of cortisol andACTH. There is no evidence of an extrapituitary source of ACTH.Predict the cause of Julie’s condition and the treatments that are likelyto be recommended
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Over the past year, Julie has gradually gained weight. The increase
in adipose tissue is distributed over her trunk, face, and neck, and her
muscle mass appears to be decreased. Julie also feels weak and bruises
easily. Her physician suspects Cushing syndrome and orders a series
of blood tests. The results reveal elevated blood levels of cortisol and
ACTH. There is no evidence of an extrapituitary source of ACTH.
Predict the cause of Julie’s condition and the treatments that are likely
to be recommended
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- Becky has lost 30 pounds over the past several months, even though herappetite has been good and she has been eating more than usual. Shecomplains to her physician that she is nervous and restless, has a shortattention span, becomes fatigued easily but cannot sleep well, movescompulsively, and sweats excessively. Her physician notes that she alsoexhibits tachycardia. Suspecting hyperthyroidism, he orders a blood test,which indicates elevated levels of T3 and T4 and low levels of TSH. Beckyalso has a TSH-like immunoglobulin in her plasma. Explain these results.JH, a 53 year-old female, had not been feeling well lately and suddenly started to feel acutely worse. Shestarted to have shortness of breath, and was experiencing an irregular heartbeat, chest pain, muscleweakness, and feelings of severe nausea. She called 911 and was taken to the hospital where bloodsamples were drawn. JH was diagnosed with hyperkalemia and ordered IV fluids. The IV fluids she was given contained calciumgluconate and insulin. Her potassium levels were monitored over a 24-hour period and were assummarized in Table 2 (attached) Using Table 2, which shows the patient’s plasma K+ concentrations over a 24-hour period, graph thechanges of K+ over time with computer software like Excel (not hand-drawn). Make sure to include an appropriate figure caption to explain what you haveobserved and follow scientific best practices for creating your graph. (You may consult graphs in publishedphysiology articles for inspiration!)JH, a 53 year-old female, had not been feeling well lately and suddenly started to feel acutely worse. Shestarted to have shortness of breath, and was experiencing an irregular heartbeat, chest pain, muscleweakness, and feelings of severe nausea. She called 911 and was taken to the hospital where bloodsamples were drawn. JH was diagnosed with hyperkalemia and ordered IV fluids. The IV fluids she was given contained calciumgluconate and insulin. Her potassium levels were monitored over a 24-hour period and were assummarized in Table 2 (attached) Using Table 2, which shows the patient’s plasma K+ concentrations over a 24-hour period, graph thechanges of K+ over time. Make sure to include an appropriate figure caption to explain what you haveobserved and follow scientific best practices for creating your graph. (You may consult graphs in publishedphysiology articles for inspiration!)
- Elaine’s doctor recommends supplementing her lifestyle changes with medication. Which of the following statements is true regarding diabetes treatment? Diabetes Mellitus Type II is always treated with insulin injections. For patients with insulin resistance, medication to increase cell sensitivit can reverse the problem. Medication to stop the pancreas from producing insulin is effective. Even though Elaine's symptoms are mild, her doctor will recommend a permanent insulin pump because of her age.10 days after thyroid surgery, a patient returns to his physician complaining of problems that have gradually developed in the intervening period. It is determined that he has parathyroid deficiency due to inadvertent damage to the parathyroid glands because his signs and symptoms include Group of answer choices a low plasma Ca2+ level, increased muscular excitability, and spasm of the muscles of the upper extremity (Trousseau sign) low plasma phosphate and Ca2+ levels and tetany low plasma phosphate and Ca2+ levels and tetanus increased muscular excitability, a high plasma Ca2+ level, and bone demineralization.Adrenal gland cancers are caused by small malignant tumours. Often times, tumours in the adrenal gland cause Cushing’s syndrome, where an excessive amount of cortisol is produced. Immediately following complete surgical removal of both adrenal glands, the patient would experience _____A____ in ACTH levels and _____B_____ in cortisol levels. Select the appropriate numbers from the table below to complete the above sentence. A B No change An increase A decrease No change An increase A decrease A: Answer B: Answer
- The endocrine system is composed of glands that secrete hormones that regulate the activity of different body cells. The pituitary gland is often called the "master gland" because it controls the activities of other glands. Discuss a disorder associated with either hypo or hypersecretion of a specific hormone secreted by the pituitary gland. Include in your discussion the answer to the following: What effect will an increase or decrease in production have on the target organs?What signs and symptoms are associated with this condition and how is it treated?State the hormone imbalance involved in each ofthe following and list two significant effects ofeach condition:a. Gigantismb. Cretinismc. Pheochromocytomad. Myxedemae. Acromegalyf. Diabetes insipidusA person develops a rare autoimmune condition during early adulthood which targets only the cells in the thyroid responsible for the release of calcitonin. Which of the following is most likely to describe the patient's blood Ca2+ concentration? This person is asymptomatic and has normal blood Ca" levels. This person has hypocalcemia (low blood Ca) because osteoclasts are not resorbing bone. This person has hypocalcemia (low blood Ca) because of reduced Ca absorption in the gastrointestinal tract This person has hypercalcemia (high blood Ca) because osteoblasts are not depositing bone.
- An endocrinal gland with parenchyma consisting of epithelium and neural tissue is under morphological examination. Epithelial trabecules have two types of cells: chromophilic and chromophobic. Identify this organ: O Hypothalamus O Adrenal glands O Thyroid gland O Hypophysis O Parathyroid glandHypertension is common and most often presents as an independent medical condition. Occasionally, hypertension is a result of an underlying illness and requires different treatment. Because adrenal function is critical for (1) blood pressure, (2) potassium, and (3) glucose homeostasis, an adrenal etiology should be considered in all patients with blood pressure problems accompanied by electrolyte abnormalities, unexplained change in weight, failure to thrive, inappropriate virilization, and anxiety periods. Eight different clinical scenarios are presented below. Each presentation is associated with a different diagnosis and treatment. A discussion of adrenal causes, diagnoses, and treatments for each is found within the chapter. Each numbered case study completes the following opening statement: A 22-year-old woman (previously adopted, not currently taking medications, negative medical history) presents with hypertension, with weakness and rapid onset of obesity. This patient also…Hypertension is common and most often presents as an independent medical condition. Occasionally, hypertension is a result of an underlying illness and requires different treatment. Because adrenal function is critical for (1) blood pressure, (2) potassium, and (3) glucose homeostasis, an adrenal etiology should be considered in all patients with blood pressure problems accompanied by electrolyte abnormalities, unexplained change in weight, failure to thrive, inappropriate virilization, and anxiety periods. Eight different clinical scenarios are presented below. Each presentation is associated with a different diagnosis and treatment. A discussion of adrenal causes, diagnoses, and treatments for each is found within the chapter. Each numbered case study completes the following opening statement: A 22-year-old woman (previously adopted, not currently taking medications, negative medical history) presents with hypertension, with virilization. This young woman presents with irregular…