A 22-year-old woman (previously adopted, not currently taking medications, negative medical history) presents with hypertension, with virilization. This young woman presents with irregular menses diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome. She has a borderline low cortisol and elevated 17-OH progesterone. Question: What is the diagnosis?
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Hypertension is common and most often presents as an independent medical condition. Occasionally, hypertension is a result of an underlying illness and requires different treatment. Because adrenal function is critical for (1) blood pressure, (2) potassium, and (3) glucose homeostasis, an adrenal etiology should be considered in all patients with blood pressure problems accompanied by electrolyte abnormalities, unexplained change in weight, failure to thrive, inappropriate virilization, and anxiety periods. Eight different clinical scenarios are presented below. Each presentation is associated with a different diagnosis and treatment. A discussion of adrenal causes, diagnoses, and treatments for each is found within the chapter. Each numbered case study completes the following opening statement: A 22-year-old woman (previously adopted, not currently taking medications, negative medical history) presents with hypertension, with virilization. This young woman presents with irregular menses diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome. She has a borderline low cortisol and elevated 17-OH progesterone.
Question: What is the diagnosis?
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- Hypertension is common and most often presents as an independent medical condition. Occasionally, hypertension is a result of an underlying illness and requires different treatment. Because adrenal function is critical for (1) blood pressure, (2) potassium, and (3) glucose homeostasis, an adrenal etiology should be considered in all patients with blood pressure problems accompanied by electrolyte abnormalities, unexplained change in weight, failure to thrive, inappropriate virilization, and anxiety periods. Eight different clinical scenarios are presented below. Each presentation is associated with a different diagnosis and treatment. A discussion of adrenal causes, diagnoses, and treatments for each is found within the chapter. Each numbered case study completes the following opening statement: A 22-year-old woman (previously adopted, not currently taking medications, negative medical history) presents with hypertension, with weakness and rapid onset of obesity. This patient also…Hypertension is common and most often presents as an independent medical condition. Occasionally, hypertension is a result of an underlying illness and requires different treatment. Because adrenal function is critical for (1) blood pressure, (2) potassium, and (3) glucose homeostasis, an adrenal etiology should be considered in all patients with blood pressure problems accompanied by electrolyte abnormalities, unexplained change in weight, failure to thrive, inappropriate virilization, and anxiety periods. Eight different clinical scenarios are presented below. Each presentation is associated with a different diagnosis and treatment. A discussion of adrenal causes, diagnoses, and treatments for each is found within the chapter. Each numbered case study completes the following opening statement: A 22-year-old woman (previously adopted, not currently taking medications, negative medical history) presents with hypertension, with weakness and hypokalemia. The patient also has a high urine…Jessica Sagat, 21 years old, is a type 1 diabetic client. She has been ill for the past several days and unable to control her blood sugar. She has developed elevated blood sugar, nausea, vomiting, rapid and deep respirations, and a fruity odor to her breath. An arterial blood gas (ABG) is taken and the results are: pH 7.30, PaCO2 43 mm Hg, Bicarb (HCO3) 19 mEq/L, and PaO2 93 mmHg. What type of acid–base imbalance is this client experiencing? What components of the acid–base balance system are involved in this imbalance? What are the normal ABG values?
- A patient has been diagnosed as having a tumor of the adrenal medulla that secretes excessive epinephrine. Explain how this condition leads to secondary hypertension. Be specific about how epinephrine affects various factors and how each leads to hypertension. Be clear and concise.8) An endocrine case A woman seeks medical advice because she feels tired and listless. She also complains of gaining weight in the past year, although her appetite has decreased. Her friends have also commented that she seems low, or even depressed. When the doctor examines her, she measures a heart rate of 60 beats / minute, which is a little lower than normal, swollen face and dry, brittle hair. During the examination, she gets cold and freezes even if the temperature around is normally warm. The doctor suspects hypothyroidism, but before a final diagnosis she needs some information, including some blood tests. The results show high cholesterol levels, which is usually seen in hypothyroidism, extremely low thyroid hormone levels and high levels of TSH. These results showed that the woman suffered from a problem with the thyroid gland and not from the pituitary gland. Further tests showed that the woman had an autoimmune disease, Hashimoto's disease in which the thyroid follicle…Type- 2 diabetes mellitus is: 1.both a secondary pathology and usually the result of inappropriate hormone secretion 2.both a secondary pathology and usually the result of abnormal target cell responsiveness 3.usually the result of inappropriate hormone secretion 4.a secondary pathology 5.usually the result of abnormal target cell responsiveness
- Fatima is a 43 year old lady with a diagnosis bipolar affective disorder and usually manages her Type 1 diabetes with minimal support. She is currently hypomanic and reports that she has not slept for more than 3 hours in the last 5 days. A) Explain your understanding of Type 1 and 2 diabetes. B) Why might Fatima's current hypomanic presentation present additional risks to her physical health? C) What interventions would you suggest in this situation? Please justify your answer.A patient is expression of excessive antidiuretic hormone output, for which of the following condition should the nurse assist the patient? (A) Polyuria (B) Dehydration (C) Hyponatremia (D) Hyperglycemia 3Bonnie Billy, a 65-year-old Native American female, has a history of diabetes and alcoholism. She is being admitted to the hospital with a positive tuberculin test and is placed in isolation. Her chest X-ray reveals she has pneumonia and active tuberculosis. She will also be placed on delirium tremors precautions related to alcoholism. Mrs. Billy also receives insulin to control her diabetes. (Learning Objectives 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7) Describe the process of reporting infectious diseases in a healthcare facility.
- JH, a 53 year-old female, had not been feeling well lately and suddenly started to feel acutely worse. Shestarted to have shortness of breath, and was experiencing an irregular heartbeat, chest pain, muscleweakness, and feelings of severe nausea. She called 911 and was taken to the hospital where bloodsamples were drawn. JH was diagnosed with hyperkalemia and ordered IV fluids. The IV fluids she was given contained calciumgluconate and insulin. Her potassium levels were monitored over a 24-hour period and were assummarized in Table 2 (attached) Using Table 2, which shows the patient’s plasma K+ concentrations over a 24-hour period, graph thechanges of K+ over time with computer software like Excel (not hand-drawn). Make sure to include an appropriate figure caption to explain what you haveobserved and follow scientific best practices for creating your graph. (You may consult graphs in publishedphysiology articles for inspiration!)JH, a 53 year-old female, had not been feeling well lately and suddenly started to feel acutely worse. Shestarted to have shortness of breath, and was experiencing an irregular heartbeat, chest pain, muscleweakness, and feelings of severe nausea. She called 911 and was taken to the hospital where bloodsamples were drawn. JH was diagnosed with hyperkalemia and ordered IV fluids. The IV fluids she was given contained calciumgluconate and insulin. Her potassium levels were monitored over a 24-hour period and were assummarized in Table 2 (attached) Using Table 2, which shows the patient’s plasma K+ concentrations over a 24-hour period, graph thechanges of K+ over time. Make sure to include an appropriate figure caption to explain what you haveobserved and follow scientific best practices for creating your graph. (You may consult graphs in publishedphysiology articles for inspiration!)A 45-year-old woman represents to her physician with complaints of fatigue and weakness. Since her last visit one year ago, she is surprised to see that she has gained 20 pounds, since her eating and exercise habits have remained the same. The doctor sends her for blood work, with thyroid results: TSH- 18.0 (0.35-5.0 ul U/ml) Total T4- 2.0 (4.0-12.0 ug/DL) Does this patient have a thyroid disorder? If so, what would the most likely diagnosis. What further thyroid tests would you expected to be run on this patient?