Outline the chain of events involved in the transmission of HCV froman infected patient to several other patients through the actions of amedical worker.

Q: List Koch’s postulates, and discuss when they might not be appropriate in establishing causation.

A: The bacteria must be present in every case of the disease. The bacteria must be isolated from the…

Q: Which of the following is considered an extracellular enzyme & a virulence factor? sequesterase…

A: An extracellular enzyme is an enzyme that is produced by cells and released into the extracellular…

Q: Fulfill the epidemiologic triad as to the host, agent, possible vectors, and environment of the…

A: Poliovirus is the causative agent of polyomylitis, is a human enterovirus and member of the family…

Q: Correlate arthropod-borne bacterial infection and disease severity with bacterial virulence factors

A: Arthropods are the organisms that have exoskeleton, segmented body and have paired joint appendages.…

Q: the major recommendation of universal precautions is to minimize contact with which one of the…

A: Universal precautions are used in the care of all hospitalized persons regardless of their diagnosis…

Q: Why the syringe needle method is frequently used for venipuncture in the Philippines than ETS and…

A: The syringe needle method is the oldest and traditional method of venipuncture. It focuses on…

Q: "Discuss routes used by disease organism to enter the body?"

A: Disease organisms include bacteria, viruses, protozoa, fungi, and worms. They cause infectious…

Q: Why is it necessary to obtain an acute and aconvalescent blood sample to monitor infections?

A: Immune system protects the body against infection. It is a complex network of cells and proteins.…

Q: What circumstances can contribute to attenuation ofa pathogen?

A: Pathogens are the organisms that can cause disease or infections after invading the host cells and…

Q: Enumerate the measures to prevent transmission of Hospital Associated Infections,?

A: Infections contracted while undergoing treatment for another ailment are known as…

Q: Of all the hospital patients with infectious, one - third do not enter the hospital with an…

A: Infections are caused by microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoans. An infection…

Q: Defi ne zoonosis and describe the diffi culties in controlling zoonotic infections.

A: Zoonosis, also known as zoonotic disease, haa become one of the major public health problems…

Q: Compare direct, indirect, sandwich, and combination EIAs withrespect to their ability to identify…

A: Immunological techniques are employed to detect the possible antigen-antibody interactions between…

Q: Many people infected with an STI such as HPV show no symptoms. How does this present a public…

A: The majority of the time, there are no signs. HPV can cause warts in some people, but it's important…

Q: Name a molecular diagnostic techniqiue to detect the presence of a pathogen in its early stage of…

A: Infection is a condition when a microorganism enters the body and causes harm. Actually, the…

Q: Describe why penicillamine is used to treat cystinuria.

A: Cystinuria is an inherited disease that causes stones made of the amino acid cystine to form in the…

Q: Students in our classes sometimes ask how it is possible for a singleenteric carrier to infect 1,000…

A: An outbreak is a sudden increase in the occurrence of a disease. It can be community or…

Q: Explain the importance of the three major surface antigens seen ingram-negative enteric rods.

A: Gram-negative bacteria, in contrast to Gram-positive bacteria, possess a number of complex surface…

Q: Explain what is meant by the infectious dose, using examples.

A: Infection is a condition where the invasion of an organism's body takes place by another organism…

Q: When treating teenagers and adults affl icted with pertussis (who often show only mild disease…

A: Pertussis is a respiratory disorder caused by the bacteria Bordetella pertussis. The characteristic…

Q: what measures of prevention would be used for infiltation and infection

A: IV infiltration happens when the non vesicant IV fluid leaks out of the vein into the surrounding…

Q: Define the term opportunism, illustrating your answer with two contrasting examples of organisms…

A: When a microbe penetrates a person's body and harm, it is called an infection. The microbe survives,…

Q: Integrate leukocyte distribution within the host with host resistance

A: Introduction  Immunity: it is the property/capability of our system to fight against the harmful…

Q: Provide examples of persistent and transforming infections, describing their effects on the host

A: Introduction: Persistent infection refers to the infection affecting the host and lasting from few…

Q: Describe the chain of transmission of communicable diseases and explain how infectious agents are…

A: Introduction : There Are Three Primary Sections To The Transmission Chain. A Human Being As A…

Q: Define the terms primary pathogen, opportunist, and virulence.

A: When a pathogen or microorganism enters the body of another organism (host) it is termed as…

Q: Explain how and why antibacterial treatment for tuberculosis differsfrom that for other bacterial…

A: M. tuberculosis is a very persistent pathogen that survives within phagocytes and outside the host…

Q: Define Indirect spread of Disease? give 5 examples

A: Communicable disease Control and eradication of communicable disease is possible only through…

Q: List the stages of infection and the typical incubation periods What is the difference between…

A: Infection occurs when some infectious agent in the form of microorganisms may infect a person and is…

Q: The cumulative dose of an antineoplastic agent is defined as

A: Question is related to oncology nursing  Solution given below

Q: Account for the several infl ammatory symptoms that occur in the injection site when one has been…

A: Vaccination is the process where a vaccine is injected into our body to develop our immune system to…

Q: All of the following represent the necessary event(s) in an infectious process for the bacterial…

A: Streptococcus pyogenes, or Group A streptococcus (GAS), is a facultative, Gram-positive coccus which…

Q: Statement regarding the transmission of pathogens from environmental surfaces

A: Introduction: Microorganism-infested surfaces can act as reservoirs for potential diseases. Many of…

Q: Give an example of an infection that can be diagnosed by a LFA. Tell what it is and give a…

A: The mainstay of quick point-of-care diagnostics, lateral flow assays (LFAs) have the ability to…

Q: Recall the complications associated with EBV infection.

A: Epstein - Barr virus (EBV) belongs to the group of herpesviruses. It causes recurrent infections and…

Q: Write a chain of infection for a communicable disease…all methods included?

A: An infectious disease is a disease which is caused by the invasion/interaction of pathogenic…

Q: Discuss measures you would consider taking to prevent occupational transmission of diseases from…

A: Introduction Diseases that can be spread from one person to another by air or physical contact are…

Q: Describe opportunistic infections

A: An infection is caused by any agent which disturbs the normal healthy state of a person. The ability…

Q: Discuss the three reasons why infection may not occur after microbes enter the body.

A: The microbe utilizes the body to sustain, reproduce and colonize itself. These pathogenic tiny…

Viral Infections

Viruses are abundantly found, minute entities that have genetic material enclosed within a protein coat. The proteinaceous material enclosing the genetic material of the virus is called a capsid. The genetic material could be either DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) or RNA (ribonucleic acid). A virus is too minute to be looked at with naked eyes and therefore visualized with the help of a microscope. They are acellular entities that require a host for processes, such as replication, transcription, translation and multiplication. Plants, animals, and bacteria act as host wherein the virus reproduce. Viruses cannot multiply outside the host's body and thus are considered nonliving outside the host body.