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Oso, + H,O, KMNO4, OH" cold and dilute + Os04 + H,O, H

Oso, + H,O, KMNO4, OH" cold and dilute + Os04 + H,O, H

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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### Reaction Overview This image illustrates three different chemical reactions involving alkenes subjected to oxidative conditions. Here is a detailed description of each reaction: 1. **Reaction 1:** - **Reactants:** An alkene with a tertiary butyl group on one end reacts with osmium tetroxide (OsO₄) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). - **Reaction Conditions:** The reaction is typically carried out in an aqueous solution or an organic solvent for optimal results. - **Purpose:** This reaction is involved in syn-dihydroxylation, where the alkene is converted into a vicinal diol (two hydroxyl groups added on the same side of the double bond). 2. **Reaction 2:** - **Reactants:** Cyclohexene reacts with potassium permanganate (KMnO₄) in alkaline conditions. - **Reaction Conditions:** The reagents used are cold and dilute, which are crucial for controlling the reaction rate and preventing over-oxidation. - **Purpose:** This reaction is also a dihydroxylation process for forming a vicinal diol. The use of cold, dilute alkaline KMnO₄ prevents cleavage of the double bond. 3. **Reaction 3:** - **Reactants:** A bicyclic alkene with a methyl group reacts with osmium tetroxide (OsO₄) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). - **Purpose:** Similar to the first reaction, this one is also for syn-dihydroxylation, producing vicinal diols. ### Diagrams In all reactions, the diagram shows structural formulas of the alkenes, illustrating the position of double bonds and substituents. The reactions indicated by arrows involve the addition of hydroxyl groups across the double bonds as facilitated by specific oxidizing agents. The diagrams serve as visual aids in understanding the transformation from starting material to product.
Transcribed Image Text:### Reaction Overview This image illustrates three different chemical reactions involving alkenes subjected to oxidative conditions. Here is a detailed description of each reaction: 1. **Reaction 1:** - **Reactants:** An alkene with a tertiary butyl group on one end reacts with osmium tetroxide (OsO₄) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). - **Reaction Conditions:** The reaction is typically carried out in an aqueous solution or an organic solvent for optimal results. - **Purpose:** This reaction is involved in syn-dihydroxylation, where the alkene is converted into a vicinal diol (two hydroxyl groups added on the same side of the double bond). 2. **Reaction 2:** - **Reactants:** Cyclohexene reacts with potassium permanganate (KMnO₄) in alkaline conditions. - **Reaction Conditions:** The reagents used are cold and dilute, which are crucial for controlling the reaction rate and preventing over-oxidation. - **Purpose:** This reaction is also a dihydroxylation process for forming a vicinal diol. The use of cold, dilute alkaline KMnO₄ prevents cleavage of the double bond. 3. **Reaction 3:** - **Reactants:** A bicyclic alkene with a methyl group reacts with osmium tetroxide (OsO₄) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). - **Purpose:** Similar to the first reaction, this one is also for syn-dihydroxylation, producing vicinal diols. ### Diagrams In all reactions, the diagram shows structural formulas of the alkenes, illustrating the position of double bonds and substituents. The reactions indicated by arrows involve the addition of hydroxyl groups across the double bonds as facilitated by specific oxidizing agents. The diagrams serve as visual aids in understanding the transformation from starting material to product.
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