or the given circuit please answer the following questions i) Name the whole circuit. i) What is the component 1/C1? i) What does it do in this circuit? v) What sort of waveform does this give at each LED. w) What are components I/C2 and I/C3? i) Explain what they do in this circuit. ii) In this binary display, what is the denary value? LEDS LED4 LED3 LED2 00 = ? ii) Think carefullyl How many 1s' or trues' from the 55

Which of the following is most difficult to fabricate in an IC? A. Diode B. Transistor C. FET D. Capacitor

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are diodes made with III-V compound semiconductor materials such as aluminum gallium arsenide (AlGaAs), aluminum indium gallium phosphide (AllnGaP) or indium gallium nitride (InGaN), instead of silicon. The LEDs emit light when the device is operated under forward bias. LEDs of different colors have different turn-on voltages VD(on). For example: Color VD(on) Red ~ 1.6 V Yellow ~ 1.7 V (a) Model these five LEDs with a simplified piecewise linear model. (b) A rule of thumb is that it takes about 1 mA of current to "light" an LED while~ 10 mA is needed for it to appear bright. Use the piecewise linear model for the LEDs, for the over-voltage indicator circuit to the right, find the values of Vin which will cause D₁ or D₂ to light (i.e. when ID1 or ID2 exceeds 1 mA). Green ~ 1.8 V Blue ~ 2.8 V loks o mu Vin Red LED Red LED White ~ 3.8 V + lov 21 D₁ D2 -10V o t Vout 오

+12V D7 D8 R3 Vo = ? 2.2k2 Determine: a. State of D7 if D7 is Si diode b. State of D8 if D8 is Ge diode c. Output voltage Vo +