please only answer 11.104 OphthalmologyRetinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a hereditary ocular diseasein which patches of pigment appear on the retina, po-tentially resulting in substantial vision loss and in somecases complete blindness. An important issue is how fastthe subjects decline. Visual field is an important measureof area of vision, which is measured in degree². A visualfield area for a normal person is around 11,000 degree².The longitudinal data in Table 11.29 were provided by anindividual patient.TABLE 11.29 Longitudinal visual field data forone RP patientVisit1HOT AWN-4567891011meansdTime(yr)ܘ ܝ ܟ ܘ ܟ ܗ ܗ ܢ ܝ ܘ ܗ471113156.094.97Visual field area(degree²)305930531418169219781567191919981648172112641938597In(visual field area)8.038.027.267.437.597.367.567.607.417.457.147.5320.280Suppose the rate of change of In (visual field) is a linearfunction of follow-up time.11.103 Write down a linear regression model that summa-rizes this relationship.11.104 Fit the regression line using the method of leastsquares, and assess whether there is a significant changein visual field over time for this subject. Report a two-sidedp-value.11.105 What does the intercept mean in this context?What is the estimated % decline in visual field per year?

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Ophthalmology Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a hereditary ocular disease in which patches of pigment appear on the retina, po- tentially resulting in substantial vision loss and in some cases complete blindness. An important issue is how fast the subjects decline. Visual field is an important measure of area of vision, which is measured in degree². A visual field area for a normal person is around 11,000 degree². The longitudinal data in Table 11.29 were provided by an individual patient. TABLE 11.29 Longitudinal visual field data for one RP patient Visit 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 80 9 10 11 mean sd Time (yr) ܘ ܝ ܚ ܚ ܟ ܗ ܗ 2 3 4 6 7 11 13 15 6.09 4.97 Visual field area (degree²) 3059 3053 1418 1692 1978 1567 1919 1998 1648 1721 1264 1938 597 In (visual field area) 8.03 8.02 7.26 7.43 7.59 7.36 7.56 7.60 7.41 7.45 7.14 7.532 0.280 Suppose the rate of change of In (visual field) is a linear function of follow-up time. 11.103 Write down a linear regression model that summa- rizes this relationship.

Ophthalmology Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a hereditary ocular disease in which patches of pigment appear on the retina, po- tentially resulting in substantial vision loss and in some cases complete blindness. An important issue is how fast the subjects decline. Visual field is an important measure of area of vision, which is measured in degree². A visual field area for a normal person is around 11,000 degree². The longitudinal data in Table 11.29 were provided by an individual patient. TABLE 11.29 Longitudinal visual field data for one RP patient Visit 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 80 9 10 11 mean sd Time (yr) ܘ ܝ ܚ ܚ ܟ ܗ ܗ 2 3 4 6 7 11 13 15 6.09 4.97 Visual field area (degree²) 3059 3053 1418 1692 1978 1567 1919 1998 1648 1721 1264 1938 597 In (visual field area) 8.03 8.02 7.26 7.43 7.59 7.36 7.56 7.60 7.41 7.45 7.14 7.532 0.280 Suppose the rate of change of In (visual field) is a linear function of follow-up time. 11.103 Write down a linear regression model that summa- rizes this relationship.

Linear Algebra: A Modern Introduction

4th Edition

ISBN:9781285463247

Author:David Poole

Publisher:David Poole

Chapter7: Distance And Approximation

Section7.3: Least Squares Approximation

Problem 31EQ

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