Fluid Pressure
The term fluid pressure is coined as, the measurement of the force per unit area of a given surface of a closed container. It is a branch of physics that helps to study the properties of fluid under various conditions of force.
Gauge Pressure
Pressure is the physical force acting per unit area on a body; the applied force is perpendicular to the surface of the object per unit area. The air around us at sea level exerts a pressure (atmospheric pressure) of about 14.7 psi but this doesn’t seem to bother anyone as the bodily fluids are constantly pushing outwards with the same force but if one swims down into the ocean a few feet below the surface one can notice the difference, there is increased pressure on the eardrum, this is due to an increase in hydrostatic pressure.
Water flows from the pipe shown in (Figure 1) with a speed of 4.0 m/s .
a)What is the water pressure as it exits into the air?
b)What is the height h of the standing column of water?
- Bernoulli's equation holds the law of conservation of energy in a fluid flow and is given by-
where,
are pressure and velocities at the respective points
are heights from the reference level at the respective points.
is the density of the fluid
- Equation of continuity holds the conservation of mass in a fluid flow and is given by-
where,
are the cross-section areas of respective ends of the pipe. - Take the density of water to be
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