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Identify three (3) differences between frog and mammalian oogenesis.
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- Classify and diagram embryos on the basis of their: (a) yolk content, (b) cleavage types, (3) cleavage patterns. Give examples for each. Egg Types and Cleavage Yolk Content Types of Cleavage Pattern of Cleavage Model Organism(s) Oligolecithal/ isolecithal MesolecithalTabulate five (5) differences between frog and mammalian ovaries, and three (3) differences between frog and mammalian oogenesis. Ovary Characteristics Frog Mammal 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Oogenesis Frog Mammal 1. 2. 3.Define and describe the main features of the following developmental stages: fertilization, cleavage, gastrulation.
- Identify five (5) differences between frog and mammalian ovaries. Ovary Characteristics Frog Mammal 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.There are 6 major events in fertilization. Discuss the process of fertilization or conception, with emphasis on the sperm-egg interaction. Proteins on the sperm plasma membrane bind to ZP3 molecules within the zona pellucida of the egg. Why is this event important? Zona binding triggers the acrosome reaction, in which the sperm plasma membrane fuses with the outer acrosomal membrane, causing exocytosis of acrosomal contents. What is in the "acrosomal content"? Acrosomal enzymes begin to dissolve a hole in the zona pellucida. This enzymatic degradation, accompanied by rapid sperm tail beating, moves the sperm through the zona. Where does the sperm intend to reach?Trophoblast or ICM? If cells choose to become trophoblast, they will end up in the placenta. If they choose to become ICM, they will give rise to the 3 germ layers that will make up the rest of the body of the embryo. Answer the following questions: What will guide them to make the right decision? Do they have a choice?
- Give the differences between mammalian and frog ovaries with the format provided below OVARY CHARACTERISTICS MAMMAL FROG 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.Please match the early developmental structure on the left with the human structure it develops into on the right: inner cell mass of the blastocyst Choose ] [Choose ] the brain ectoderm of the gastrula the skin & nervous system the placenta the embryo the heart and lungs anterior neural tube of the embryo [Choose ] trophoblast of the blastocyst [ Choose ]Epithelium–Mesenchyme transitions (MET or EMT) are crucial morphogenetic events occurring during gastrulation. Give at least 3 specific examples of embryonic structures that develop in this manner, and the regulatory mechanisms that govern this transition.
- Choose all of the correct statements about the formation and role of somites during development. Somites are formed when the notochord signals adjacent mesoderm cells Somites are ectoderm cells, so they will form teeth, jaws, and skin Somites signal adjacent cells to form ossification centers, which eventually grow bone to form vertebrae and ribs O Somites will directly turn into the neural tube (spinal cord)State and explain 5 effects of tobacco smoking by a pregnant mother on the foetus development. (400 words) Identify and explain 5 disadvantages of In vitro fertilisation (IVF) as an intervention to have a baby. (400 words) Why is breast feeding in the first 3month of a baby very important? (200 words) Higher animals undergo sexual reproduction despite its complexity, why. Give 5 reasons. (400 words) Describe five changes that occur in a flower after fertilisation. (200 words)ARRANGE THE FOLLOWING EVENTS IN CORRECT SEQUENCE from 1-13: Penetration of the zona pellucida Cortical reaction 1st cleavage Acrosomal membranes rupture, and release their enzyme contents Penetration of the corona radiata Depolarization of egg membranes Migration of cortical cytoplasm to form gray crescent Sperm attach loosely on the zona pellucida Zona reaction Oocyte completes meiotic division ZP3 tenaciously binds acrosome-intact sperm Release of Ca+2 in egg cytoplasm from its bound state Amphimixis