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One of the major issues in reducing the production of greenhouse gases is the ability to produce and use alternative fuels such as hydrogen, methane or ethanol. Compare and contrast these options with special regard for how they may be biologically produced.
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- 11) The chart below compares the greenhouse gas emissions of several fuel sources. Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Fuel and Energy Sources Sugarcane Ethanol Cellulosic Ethanol Fuel > Gasoline Corn Ethanol Energy > Source Fossil Fuels Biomass Biomass Biomass Source: Adapted from http://energy.itgoverns.com An accurate prediction that could be made regarding the information shown in the chart is that A) fossil fuels emit the least amount of greenhouse gases the use of biomass-based fuels instead of fossil fuels will greatly decrease the production of greenhouse gases B) C) the use of any one of the ethanol sources for fuel will each produce more greenhouse gases than the use of gasoline for fuel D) a total change from gasoline to ethanol as a fuel would have no effect on greenhouse gas emissions Greenhouse Gas EmissionsWhat does the term ’leakage’ mean in the context of regulating greenhouse gas emissions? and why is this important to consider?DESCRIBE THE ROLE OF MICROORGANISMS IN CARBON CYCLING. ILLUSTRATE CARBON CYCLING. DEFINE BIOREMEDIATION. DISCUSS THE TECHNIQUES, CLASSIFICATION, TECHNIQUES, BENEFITS, LIMITATIONS, AND PROSPECTS. HOW BIOREMEDIATION WORKS. DISCUSS THE DIFFERENT FACTORS AFFECTING BIOREMEDIATION. DESCRIBE THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN HETEROTROPHS AND AUTOTROPHS IN THE CARBON CYCLE. WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT WASTE TREATMENT SYSTEMS AND HOW DOES IT WORKS? DISCUSS THE IMPACT OF MICROBIAL DEGRADATION ON HUMANS. MAKE TABULAR DATA SHOWING THE ABILITY OF MICROORGANISMS PRESENT IN THE ENVIRONMENT THAT ARE CAPABLE OF DEGRADING PETROLEUM PRODUCTS. EXPLAIN THE COMPLEX ROLE OF MICROORGANISMS IN THE FORMATION OF VARIOUS CARBONATES AND IN THE FORMATION OF STROMATOLITES.
- Combining BioEnergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) offers theprospect of energy supply with large-scale net negative emissions and in most of the lower RCPs is required to stay below 2 degrees of global warming. But this entails challenges and risks associated with the upstream large-scale provision of the biomass that is used in the CCS facility as well as those associated with the CCS technology itself. In no morethan 1 page (excluding diagrams) discuss the potential role of BECCS in reducing global greenhouse gas emissions from conventional fossil fuel power stations and what issues or barriers need to be addressed to enable this. Some of the points to be addressed include:i. To what extent the technology has been proven at an appropriate scale.ii. What incentives (e.g. what level of carbon price) would be needed to drive the investment needed.Defend the statement that the more and longer we use fossil fuels as the dominant fuel in the world, the greater the adverse impacts of that use will be in terms of air and water pollution and the greater the potential disruption for society as increasing worldwide population competes for limited fossil fuels.Corn undergoes C4 photosynthesis and does not fix nitrogen, whereas Alfalfa is a nitrogen-fixing plant that utilizes C3 photosynthesis. Both species are equally watered. What can you interpret from this dN/dt vs. N plot given the biculture and monoculture treatments for each species (alfalfa & corn)? Biculture: Both corn & alfalfa grown together in the same pot Monoculture: Corn & alfalfa grown in separate pots
- The concentration of carbon dioxide has been rising in the Earth’s atmosphere at an unprecedented rate. Explain why this increase is happening in terms of chemical reactions and emissions sources. Identify two ecosystem consequences of this enrichment. Describe some ways the problem can be addressed.Opponents of alternative and renewable energy technologies argue that such technologies are expensive and contain many hidden costs. Opponents of fossil fuels and non-renewable energy technologies argue that we don't account for the hidden environmental and health costs of these technologies, which makes non-renewables (primarily fossil fuels) seem cheaper. Explore this debate by doing the following: Go to the website page: https://www.aei.org/articles/the-trouble-with-renewable-energy/ to read an article stating that renewable energy technologies may not fulfill their promise. Notice the date of the article and reflect on any change in our society's perception on this subject. Also note the author. I recommend you always do a bit of research about an article's author, because it is important to understand an author's frame of reference. Now go to the Clean Energy website to read an article about renewable energy technology:…Burning biomass to produce electricity avoids many of the problems associated with gathering, refining, transporting, and burning fossil fuels. Yet the use of biomass as fuel is not without its own set of problems. What challenges might arise from a large-scale conversion to biomass energy? How do these challenges compare with those encountered with fossil fuels? Which set of challenges do you think is more likely to be overcome? Does one energy source have more benefits and fewer costs than the others? Explain.
- Identify one technology which would cause a significant reduction in the primary pollutants associated with formation of tropospheric/groud level ozone or photochemical smog. Explain how the technology reduces the formation of these secondary pollutants.Which of the following is false concerning the carbon cycle? Decomposers take organic carbon and turn it into inorganic nutrients (phosphorus, sulfur, nitrogen, etc.) Consumers take in organic carbon (food) and convert the waste into carbon dioxide. C) Producers take carbon dioxide and turn it into organic carbon (food). Plants take organic carbon (food) and convert the waste into carbon dioxide.A family travels from New York City to Costa Rica three times a year for a vacation. The family would like to purchase some forested land in the Catskills, keeping the trees intact as an offset to the carbon dioxide they produce travelling each year. How much forest must they purchase? Use the following assumptions to measure the carbon offset provided by this intact forest. • The biomass of the forest increases at an annual rate of 2.8 × 105 kg/ha. • The forest biomass is 45% carbon by mass. • There are four people in the family. • 0.2 kg of CO2 is produced each mile per person on the flight. • The round-trip distance is 4,500 miles. • There are 2.47 acres in one hectare. 1. Calculate the mass of carbon, in kilograms, that is accumulated and stored in 1.0 ha of this forest in one year. 2. Calculate the mass of carbon, in kilograms, that is emitted by the family as a result of their round-trip flights to Costa Rica each year. 3. Calculate the number of acres of forest that must be…