One of the early studies linking smoking and lung cancer compared patients hospitalized with lung cancer to similar patients without lung cancer (hospitalized for other reasons), and recorded whether each patient smoked. For a hypothesis test testing whether the proportion of smokers is higher for the patients with lung cancer than for patients without lung cancer, the p-value is less than 0.000001. Does this provide significant evidence that smoking causes lung cancer?
One of the early studies linking smoking and lung cancer compared patients hospitalized with lung cancer to similar patients without lung cancer (hospitalized for other reasons), and recorded whether each patient smoked. For a hypothesis test testing whether the proportion of smokers is higher for the patients with lung cancer than for patients without lung cancer, the p-value is less than 0.000001. Does this provide significant evidence that smoking causes lung cancer?
MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications
6th Edition
ISBN:9781119256830
Author:Amos Gilat
Publisher:Amos Gilat
Chapter1: Starting With Matlab
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Transcribed Image Text:9. One of the early studies linking smoking and lung cancer compared patients hospitalized with lung cancer to
similar patients without lung cancer (hospitalized for other reasons), and recorded whether each patient smoked.
For a hypothesis test testing whether the proportion of smokers is higher for the patients with lung cancer than
for patients without lung cancer, the p-value is less than 0.000001. Does this provide significant evidence that
smoking causes lung cancer?
smoking status
smoker non-smoker total
647
lung cancer
2
649
сапcer
not sure
622
27
649
total
1269
29 1298
Study reference: Doll, R. & Hill, A.B. (1950) "Smoking and carcinoma of the lung: preliminary report", British Medical
Journal.
Whether or not we can conclude that smoking causes lung cancer depends on the statistical method the
researchers used to obtain the p-value.
O No, with the given p-value we would fail to reject HO in favor of HA.
Based on this study we cannot conclude that smoking causes lung cancer,
regardless of the p-value.
Yes, with the given p-value we would reject HO in favor of HA, and conclude that smoking causes lung
cancer.
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