On the square, indicate the number of sites of unsaturation of the following molecules, show your work with one of the structures by applying the appropriate formula and showing the number (which should match the number on the square).
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are the organic compounds that are obtained in foods and living matters in the shape of sugars, cellulose, and starch. The general formula of carbohydrates is Cn(H2O)2. The ratio of H and O present in carbohydrates is identical to water.
Starch
Starch is a polysaccharide carbohydrate that belongs to the category of polysaccharide carbohydrates.
Mutarotation
The rotation of a particular structure of the chiral compound because of the epimerization is called mutarotation. It is the repercussion of the ring chain tautomerism. In terms of glucose, this can be defined as the modification in the equilibrium of the α- and β- glucose anomers upon its dissolution in the solvent water. This process is usually seen in the chemistry of carbohydrates.
L Sugar
A chemical compound that is represented with a molecular formula C6H12O6 is called L-(-) sugar. At the carbon’s 5th position, the hydroxyl group is placed to the compound’s left and therefore the sugar is represented as L(-)-sugar. It is capable of rotating the polarized light’s plane in the direction anticlockwise. L isomers are one of the 2 isomers formed by the configurational stereochemistry of the carbohydrates.
On the square, indicate the number of sites of unsaturation of the following molecules, show
your work with one of the structures by applying the appropriate formula and showing the
number (which should match the number on the square).
![**Acetyl Salicylic Acid (Aspirin)**
- **Chemical Formula:** C₉H₈O₄
Aspirin is a commonly used medication for pain relief, reducing inflammation, and lowering fever. The diagram shows its molecular structure, with a benzene ring and acetyl functional groups.
**Ibuprofen**
- **Chemical Formula:** C₁₃H₁₈O₂
Ibuprofen is another widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). Its diagram includes a branched alkyl group attached to a benzene ring.
**Serotonin (Neurotransmitter)**
- **Chemical Formula:** C₁₀H₁₂N₂O
Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that contributes to feelings of well-being and happiness. The structure includes an indole ring, which is a key component of many biological molecules.
**Melatonin**
- **Chemical Formula:** C₁₃H₁₆N₂O₂
Melatonin regulates sleep patterns and is produced by the pineal gland. The molecular structure includes a methoxy group and an indole ring, similar to serotonin, reflecting its role in biological processes.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F321fd000-515a-4cf5-ac03-99096af58e6a%2F38f2776c-c085-43a7-b9df-1ac2db77281c%2Fciy0c6o_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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