On July 10, 1996, a granite block broke away from a wall in Yosemite Valley and, as it began to slide down the wall, was launched into projectile motion. Seismic waves produced by its impact with the ground triggered seismographs as far away as 200 km. Later measurements indicated that the block had a mass between 7.3 × 107 kg and 1.7× 10® kg and that it landed 500 m vertically below the launch point and 30 m horizontally from it. (The launch angle is not known.) Assume the mass to be 13 × 107 kg. (a) Estimate the block's kinetic energy just before it landed. Consider two types of seismic waves that spread from the impact point – a hemispherical body wave traveled through the ground in an expanding hemisphere and a cylindrical surface wave traveled along the ground in an expanding shallow vertical cylinder (see the figure). Assume that the impact lasted 0.45 s, the vertical cylinder had a depth d of 5.2 m, and each wave type received 21% of the energy the block had just before impact. Neglecting any mechanical energy loss the waves experienced as they traveled, determine the intensities of (b) the body wave and (c) the surface wave when they reached a seismograph 200 km away. (d) On the basis of these results, which wave is more easily detected on a distant seismograph? -Cylindrical Impact wave
On July 10, 1996, a granite block broke away from a wall in Yosemite Valley and, as it began to slide down the wall, was launched into projectile motion. Seismic waves produced by its impact with the ground triggered seismographs as far away as 200 km. Later measurements indicated that the block had a mass between 7.3 × 107 kg and 1.7× 10® kg and that it landed 500 m vertically below the launch point and 30 m horizontally from it. (The launch angle is not known.) Assume the mass to be 13 × 107 kg. (a) Estimate the block's kinetic energy just before it landed. Consider two types of seismic waves that spread from the impact point – a hemispherical body wave traveled through the ground in an expanding hemisphere and a cylindrical surface wave traveled along the ground in an expanding shallow vertical cylinder (see the figure). Assume that the impact lasted 0.45 s, the vertical cylinder had a depth d of 5.2 m, and each wave type received 21% of the energy the block had just before impact. Neglecting any mechanical energy loss the waves experienced as they traveled, determine the intensities of (b) the body wave and (c) the surface wave when they reached a seismograph 200 km away. (d) On the basis of these results, which wave is more easily detected on a distant seismograph? -Cylindrical Impact wave
Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN:9780134746241
Author:Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa
Publisher:Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa
Chapter1: The Study Of Minerals
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1LR
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![**Current Attempt in Progress**
On July 10, 1996, a granite block broke away from a wall in Yosemite Valley and, as it began to slide down the wall, was launched into projectile motion. Seismic waves produced by its impact with the ground triggered seismographs as far away as 200 km. Later measurements indicated that the block had a mass between 7.3 × 10^7 kg and 1.7 × 10^8 kg and that it landed 500 m vertically below the launch point and 30 m horizontally from it. (The launch angle is not known.) Assume the mass to be 13 × 10^7 kg. (a) Estimate the block's kinetic energy just before it landed.
Consider two types of seismic waves that spread from the impact point — a hemispherical **body wave** traveled through the ground in an expanding hemisphere and a cylindrical **surface wave** traveled along the ground in an expanding shallow vertical cylinder (see the figure). Assume that the impact lasted 0.45 s, the vertical cylinder had a depth of 5.2 m, and each wave type received 21% of the energy the block had just before impact. Neglecting any mechanical energy loss the waves experienced as they traveled, determine the intensities of (b) the body wave and (c) the surface wave when they reached a seismograph 200 km away. (d) On the basis of these results, which wave is more easily detected on a distant seismograph?
**(a)** Number [_____] Units [______]
**(b)** Number [_____] Units [______]
**(c)** Number [_____] Units [______]
**(d)** [Dropdown selection]
---
**Diagram Explanation:**
The diagram illustrates the impact and the propagation of seismic waves. It shows:
- **Impact point**: The location where the block hit the ground.
- **Cylindrical wave**: Represented by a rectangle expanding horizontally from the impact point.
- **Hemispherical wave**: Represented by a dome-like shape expanding outward and downward into the ground.
- **Depth (d)**: Indicates the depth of the vertical cylinder through which the surface wave travels, labeled at 5.2 m.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F2e301699-f7b9-4b70-9e43-02902c2a7e3a%2Fbe997f58-85f4-4014-8371-5dd76c96ccae%2F1gemzup_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:**Current Attempt in Progress**
On July 10, 1996, a granite block broke away from a wall in Yosemite Valley and, as it began to slide down the wall, was launched into projectile motion. Seismic waves produced by its impact with the ground triggered seismographs as far away as 200 km. Later measurements indicated that the block had a mass between 7.3 × 10^7 kg and 1.7 × 10^8 kg and that it landed 500 m vertically below the launch point and 30 m horizontally from it. (The launch angle is not known.) Assume the mass to be 13 × 10^7 kg. (a) Estimate the block's kinetic energy just before it landed.
Consider two types of seismic waves that spread from the impact point — a hemispherical **body wave** traveled through the ground in an expanding hemisphere and a cylindrical **surface wave** traveled along the ground in an expanding shallow vertical cylinder (see the figure). Assume that the impact lasted 0.45 s, the vertical cylinder had a depth of 5.2 m, and each wave type received 21% of the energy the block had just before impact. Neglecting any mechanical energy loss the waves experienced as they traveled, determine the intensities of (b) the body wave and (c) the surface wave when they reached a seismograph 200 km away. (d) On the basis of these results, which wave is more easily detected on a distant seismograph?
**(a)** Number [_____] Units [______]
**(b)** Number [_____] Units [______]
**(c)** Number [_____] Units [______]
**(d)** [Dropdown selection]
---
**Diagram Explanation:**
The diagram illustrates the impact and the propagation of seismic waves. It shows:
- **Impact point**: The location where the block hit the ground.
- **Cylindrical wave**: Represented by a rectangle expanding horizontally from the impact point.
- **Hemispherical wave**: Represented by a dome-like shape expanding outward and downward into the ground.
- **Depth (d)**: Indicates the depth of the vertical cylinder through which the surface wave travels, labeled at 5.2 m.
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