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(a) Imagine you have two balls of pizza dough, each 16 cm in diameter. As shown in the figure on the right, one is rolled out to form a crust 1 cm thick and 50 cm in diameter. 16 cm 16 cm Both pieces of dough still have the same mass and volume, even though their shapes are very different. Both are baked in a 450°F oven for 20 minutes and removed. • Which has the greatest surface area for its volume, the crust or the ball?. • Which will cool faster?. Why? - Rule 1 of magma cooling: Circle the correct two choices in the following statement. A thin sheet of magma loses heat (faster/ slower) than a blob containing the same amount of magma. This is because the surface area available for cooling in the sheet is (larger/smaller) than the surface area available in a blob of the same volume. 50 cm I1 cm (b) Equal amounts of hot coffee are poured into a thin plastic cup and a Styrofoam cup. • Which cools faster, the coffee in the plastic cup or that in the Styrofoam cup?. (Hint: Which cup can you hold the longest before burning your fingers?) Explain.

(a) Imagine you have two balls of pizza dough, each 16 cm in diameter. As shown in the figure on the right, one is rolled out to form a crust 1 cm thick and 50 cm in diameter. 16 cm 16 cm Both pieces of dough still have the same mass and volume, even though their shapes are very different. Both are baked in a 450°F oven for 20 minutes and removed. • Which has the greatest surface area for its volume, the crust or the ball?. • Which will cool faster?. Why? - Rule 1 of magma cooling: Circle the correct two choices in the following statement. A thin sheet of magma loses heat (faster/ slower) than a blob containing the same amount of magma. This is because the surface area available for cooling in the sheet is (larger/smaller) than the surface area available in a blob of the same volume. 50 cm I1 cm (b) Equal amounts of hot coffee are poured into a thin plastic cup and a Styrofoam cup. • Which cools faster, the coffee in the plastic cup or that in the Styrofoam cup?. (Hint: Which cup can you hold the longest before burning your fingers?) Explain.

Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)
Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN:9780134746241
Author:Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa
Publisher:Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa
Chapter1: The Study Of Minerals
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1LR
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**EXERCISE 5.3: Interpreting Igneous Cooling History from Grain Size** **Name:** _______________ **Section:** _______________ **Course:** _______________ **Date:** _______________ Three simple thought experiments will help you understand how magma and lava cool and enable you to deduce two basic rules that will allow you to interpret a rock’s cooling history. (a) Imagine you have two balls of pizza dough, each 16 cm in diameter. As shown in the figure on the right, one is rolled out to form a crust 1 cm thick and 50 cm in diameter. Both pieces of dough still have the same mass and volume, even though their shapes are very different. Both are baked in a 450°F oven for 20 minutes and removed. - **Which has the greatest surface area for its volume, the crust or the ball?** ____________________________ - **Which will cool faster? Why?** ____________________________ ____________________________ *Rule 1 of magma cooling:* Circle the correct two choices in the following statement. A thin sheet of magma loses heat (faster/slower) than a blob containing the same amount of magma. This is because the surface area available for cooling in the sheet is (larger/smaller) than the surface area available in a blob of the same volume. (b) Equal amounts of hot coffee are poured into a thin plastic cup and a Styrofoam cup. - **Which cools faster, the coffee in the plastic cup or that in the Styrofoam cup?** (Hint: Which cup can you hold the longest before burning your fingers?) Explain. ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ --- **Diagrams Explanation:** 1. **Image**: There are two balls of dough, each labeled as 16 cm in diameter. 2. **Process**: One of these balls is shown being rolled out to form a crust that is 1 cm thick and 50 cm in diameter.
Transcribed Image Text:**EXERCISE 5.3: Interpreting Igneous Cooling History from Grain Size** **Name:** _______________ **Section:** _______________ **Course:** _______________ **Date:** _______________ Three simple thought experiments will help you understand how magma and lava cool and enable you to deduce two basic rules that will allow you to interpret a rock’s cooling history. (a) Imagine you have two balls of pizza dough, each 16 cm in diameter. As shown in the figure on the right, one is rolled out to form a crust 1 cm thick and 50 cm in diameter. Both pieces of dough still have the same mass and volume, even though their shapes are very different. Both are baked in a 450°F oven for 20 minutes and removed. - **Which has the greatest surface area for its volume, the crust or the ball?** ____________________________ - **Which will cool faster? Why?** ____________________________ ____________________________ *Rule 1 of magma cooling:* Circle the correct two choices in the following statement. A thin sheet of magma loses heat (faster/slower) than a blob containing the same amount of magma. This is because the surface area available for cooling in the sheet is (larger/smaller) than the surface area available in a blob of the same volume. (b) Equal amounts of hot coffee are poured into a thin plastic cup and a Styrofoam cup. - **Which cools faster, the coffee in the plastic cup or that in the Styrofoam cup?** (Hint: Which cup can you hold the longest before burning your fingers?) Explain. ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ --- **Diagrams Explanation:** 1. **Image**: There are two balls of dough, each labeled as 16 cm in diameter. 2. **Process**: One of these balls is shown being rolled out to form a crust that is 1 cm thick and 50 cm in diameter.
**Exercise 5.3: Interpreting Igneous Cooling History from Grain Size (continued)** **Name:** _______________________ **Section:** ______________ **Course:** _____________________ **Date:** ________________ **Rule 2 of magma cooling:** *Circle the correct choice in the following statement.* Magma loses heat much (**faster/slower**) when exposed to air or water than it does when surrounded by other rock because wall rock is a good insulator. **(c)** Consider two cubes of steel measuring 1 m on a side. One is cut in half in each dimension to make eight smaller cubes. **Visual Explanation:** There is a diagram showing: - A large steel cube with dimensions 1 m x 1 m x 1 m. - Eight smaller cubes, each with dimensions 0.5 m x 0.5 m x 0.5 m, arranged beside the large cube. **Questions:** - What is the surface area of the large cube? ______________ cm² - What is the surface area of the eight small cubes? ______________ cm² - Imagine that the large and small cubes are heated in a furnace to 500°C and removed. Which will cool faster, the large cube or the smaller ones? - Explain why this happens. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________
Transcribed Image Text:**Exercise 5.3: Interpreting Igneous Cooling History from Grain Size (continued)** **Name:** _______________________ **Section:** ______________ **Course:** _____________________ **Date:** ________________ **Rule 2 of magma cooling:** *Circle the correct choice in the following statement.* Magma loses heat much (**faster/slower**) when exposed to air or water than it does when surrounded by other rock because wall rock is a good insulator. **(c)** Consider two cubes of steel measuring 1 m on a side. One is cut in half in each dimension to make eight smaller cubes. **Visual Explanation:** There is a diagram showing: - A large steel cube with dimensions 1 m x 1 m x 1 m. - Eight smaller cubes, each with dimensions 0.5 m x 0.5 m x 0.5 m, arranged beside the large cube. **Questions:** - What is the surface area of the large cube? ______________ cm² - What is the surface area of the eight small cubes? ______________ cm² - Imagine that the large and small cubes are heated in a furnace to 500°C and removed. Which will cool faster, the large cube or the smaller ones? - Explain why this happens. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________
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