An electricity generation and distribution system consists of an AC generator, a step-up transformer, transmission lines and a series of step-down transformers providing AC electricity to the end users. The system has the following characteristics: Generator power output= 48.4 MW Generator voltage output = 24.2 kV rms Generator frequency - 50 Hz Transformer efficiency - 100% Step-up transformer loop ratio=1:10 Total resistance of transmission lines = 6.00 2 Series of step-down transformers: effective overall loop ratio = 1000:1 The system is represented in the schematic of Figure below. Assume it is operating at maximum power output. generator step-up transformer resistance of transmission lines 6.00 2 step-down transformer city (xi) On graph paper, sketch a graph of 'Voltage output (v)' versus 'Time (s)' for the output of the step-down transformer. Show two complete cycles.
Load flow analysis
Load flow analysis is a study or numerical calculation of the power flow of power in steady-state conditions in any electrical system. It is used to determine the flow of power (real and reactive), voltage, or current in a system under any load conditions.
Nodal Matrix
The nodal matrix or simply known as admittance matrix, generally in engineering term it is called Y Matrix or Y bus, since it involve matrices so it is also referred as a n into n order matrix that represents a power system with n number of buses. It shows the buses' nodal admittance in a power system. The Y matrix is rather sparse in actual systems with thousands of buses. In the power system the transmission cables connect each bus to only a few other buses. Also the important data that one needs for have a power flow study is the Y Matrix.
Types of Buses
A bus is a type of system of communication that transfers data between the components inside a computer or between two or more computers. With multiple hardware connections, the earlier buses were parallel electrical wires but the term "bus" is now used for any type of physical arrangement which provides the same type of logical functions similar to the parallel electrical bus. Both parallel and bit connections are used by modern buses. They can be wired either electrical parallel or daisy chain topology or are connected by hubs which are switched same as in the case of Universal Serial Bus or USB.
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