of the difference in molar mass NO2 (g) has a higher standard molar entropy than Ne(g) mainly because only of the difference in molar mass C2H5 OH(g) has a higher standard molar entropy than C2 H5 OH(1) mainly because and complexity solutions have higher CH3 CH2CH2CH3 (g) has a higher standard molar entropy than SO3 (g) mainly because entropies than solid crystals of the difference in complexity only NaBr(s) has a lower standard molar entropy than NaBr(aq) mainly because gases have higher entropies than liquids PH3 (g) has a higher standard molar entropy than NH3(g) mainly because NO2 (g) has a higher standard molar entropy than NO(g) mainly because

of the difference in molar mass NO2 (g) has a higher standard molar entropy than Ne(g) mainly because only of the difference in molar mass C2H5 OH(g) has a higher standard molar entropy than C2 H5 OH(1) mainly because and complexity solutions have higher CH3 CH2CH2CH3 (g) has a higher standard molar entropy than SO3 (g) mainly because entropies than solid crystals of the difference in complexity only NaBr(s) has a lower standard molar entropy than NaBr(aq) mainly because gases have higher entropies than liquids PH3 (g) has a higher standard molar entropy than NH3(g) mainly because NO2 (g) has a higher standard molar entropy than NO(g) mainly because

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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Consider two separate containers: container A holds 65.3 g of carbon dioxide gas, container B holds 48.2 g of oxygen gas. The pressure of both gases is 1 bar and the temperature is 298.15 K. Both gases can be treated as ideal gases. Parta) Determine the sum of the entropies of the gases in both separated containers. Part b) Calculate the total entropy of the gas mixture, which is obtained after mixing both gases in one container, while maintaining a constant temperature and pressure. Part c) The gas mixture from part b) is expanded in an isobaric process until its volume has increased by a factor of 2.5. Calculate the entropy of the gas mixture after this process is completed.
Calculate AS for NH3(g). AS = i Use data in the table below: Substance Ag(s) AgCl(s) Al(s) Al₂O3(s) C(s) (graphite) CO(g) CO₂(g) CH₂(g) CH₂Cl(g) CH₂OH(1) C₂H₂(g) C₂H₂(g) C₂H6(g) CgH 18(1) C₂H₂OH(1) Standard Entropies of Some Typical Substances at 298.15 K Sᵒ (J mol-¹ K-¹) 40 76.1 Ca(s) CaCO3(s) SaCl₂(s) Sº (J mol-¹ K-¹) 42.55 96.2 28.3 51.0 186.2 234.2 126.8 CO(NH2)2(s) 104.6 CO(NH,)2(aq) 173.8 200.8 219.8 229.5 466.9 161 5.69 197.9 213.6 41.4 92.9 114 JK-1 Substance CaO(s) Ca(OH)₂ (s) CaSO4(s) 107 CaSO4+H₂O(s) 131 CaSO4-2H₂O(s) 194.0 223.0 27 90.0 130.6 188.7 Cl₂(g) Fe(s) Fe₂O3(s) H₂(g) H₂O(g) H₂O(l) HCI(g) HNO3(1) H₂SO4(1) HC,H,O,(D) Hg(1) Hg(g) K(s) KCl(s) K₂SO4(s) 69.96 186.7 155.6 157 160 76.1 175 64.18 82.59 176 Substance N₂(g) NH3(g) NH₂Cl(s) NO(g) NO₂(g) N₂O(g) N₂O4(g) Na(s) Na₂CO3(s) NaHCO3(s) NaCl(s) NaOH(s) Na₂SO4(s) 0₂(8) PbO(s) S(s) SO₂(g) SO3(g) Sº (J mol-¹ K-¹) 191.5 192.5 94.6 210.6 240.5 220.0 304 51.0 136 102 72.38 64.18 149.4 205.0 67.8 31.9 248.5 256.2
Discuss the diagram of the molar Gibbs free energy (or chemical potential) versus temperaturebelow for a pure substance. Why are there three curves? Why do they slope downward? Does thegraph identify any interesting temperatures? Are some segmentsof the curves more important/interesting than others? Feel free to redraw and label the diagram.
Consider the reactionS(s,rhombic) + 2CO(g)SO2(g) + 2C(s,graphite)for which H° = -75.80 kJ and S° = -167.6 J/K at 298.15 K.(1) Calculate the entropy change of the UNIVERSE when 1.716 moles of S(s,rhombic) react under standard conditions at 298.15 K. Suniverse = J/K (2) Is this reaction reactant or product favored under standard conditions?(3) If the reaction is product favored, is it enthalpy favored, entropy favored, or favored by both enthalpy and entropy? If the reaction is reactant favored choose 'reactant favored'.
E The Carnot cycle, which is a particular example of a thermodynamic cycle, allows determining the efficiency of a "heat-to-work" engine. Clausius used this to find the macroscopic definition of entropy as the heat change of the system at a particular temperature. Th and T are the high and low qh and q for the heats transferred at these temperatures. When plotted in a T-S temperatures and representation, entropy only changes in the processes (steps) where heat is added or removed. However, when plotting the Carnot cycle in the P-V representation it is clear that work is done (on or by) the system in each of the 4 processes of the cycle. a) Give the names of the 2 processes of the Carnot cycle (an engine) in which the surroundings do work on the system. Indicate the condition(s) of the walls for these processes. b) Consider the microscopic, i.e., Boltzmann's, definition of entropy for an ideal gas. Briefly discuss what needs to be satisfied so that there is no change of entropy during a…
For each of the following pairs of substances, determine which has the larger molar entropy at 298 K: (A) Br2(l) or (B) Cl2(g) (C) Fe(s) or (D) Ni(s) (E) C2H4(g) or (F) C2H6(g) (G) CH4(g) or (H) CCl4(g) (I) MgO(s) or (J) HgO(s) (K) NaCl(aq) or (L) MgCl2(aq)
Calculate the boiling point (in K) of C2H5Cl according to the standard enthalpy of formation and standard entropy of liquid and gaseous C2H5Cl
Try Again Your answer is wrong. • Second reaction: Your answer for A Sis incorrect. A chemical engineer is studying the two reactions shown in the table below. In each case, he fills a reaction vessel with some mixture of the reactants and products at a constant temperature of 88.0 °C and constant total pressure. Then, he measures the reaction enthalpy AH and reaction entropy AS of the first reaction, and the reaction enthalpy AH and reaction free energy AG of the second reaction. The results of his measurements are shown in the table. Complete the table. That is, calculate AG for the first reaction and AS for the second. (Round your answer to zero decimal places.) Then, decide whether, under the conditions the engineer has set up, the reaction is spontaneous, the reverse reaction is spontaneous, or neither forward nor reverse reaction is spontaneous because the system is at equilibrium. 2Fe₂O3(s) 4Fe(s) + 30₂ (g) ΔΗ = 1648. kJ AS = 4631. AG = J K -24 kJ Which is spontaneous? this…
If 2.0 mol of hydrogen gas and 3.0 mol of argon gas are mixed at the same pressure and temperature, a.)what is the change in entropy? b.)If this process was carried out isothermally at 298.15 K, what is the change in molar Gibbs free energy?