E The Carnot cycle, which is a particular example of a thermodynamic cycle, allows determining the efficiency of a "heat-to-work" engine. Clausius used this to find the macroscopic definition of entropy as the heat change of the system at a particular temperature. Th and T are the high and low qh and q for the heats transferred at these temperatures. When plotted in a T-S temperatures and representation, entropy only changes in the processes (steps) where heat is added or removed. However, when plotting the Carnot cycle in the P-V representation it is clear that work is done (on or by) the system in each of the 4 processes of the cycle. a) Give the names of the 2 processes of the Carnot cycle (an engine) in which the surroundings do work on the system. Indicate the condition(s) of the walls for these processes. b) Consider the microscopic, i.e., Boltzmann's, definition of entropy for an ideal gas. Briefly discuss what needs to be satisfied so that there is no change of entropy during a compression process without heat transfer. c) Give a microscopic, i.e., at the single particle level, argument for how the temperature of the system increases for the process given in (b).
E The Carnot cycle, which is a particular example of a thermodynamic cycle, allows determining the efficiency of a "heat-to-work" engine. Clausius used this to find the macroscopic definition of entropy as the heat change of the system at a particular temperature. Th and T are the high and low qh and q for the heats transferred at these temperatures. When plotted in a T-S temperatures and representation, entropy only changes in the processes (steps) where heat is added or removed. However, when plotting the Carnot cycle in the P-V representation it is clear that work is done (on or by) the system in each of the 4 processes of the cycle. a) Give the names of the 2 processes of the Carnot cycle (an engine) in which the surroundings do work on the system. Indicate the condition(s) of the walls for these processes. b) Consider the microscopic, i.e., Boltzmann's, definition of entropy for an ideal gas. Briefly discuss what needs to be satisfied so that there is no change of entropy during a compression process without heat transfer. c) Give a microscopic, i.e., at the single particle level, argument for how the temperature of the system increases for the process given in (b).
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
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Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Transcribed Image Text:E The Carnot cycle, which is a particular example of a thermodynamic cycle, allows determining the
efficiency of a "heat-to-work" engine. Clausius used this to find the macroscopic definition of
entropy as the heat change of the system at a particular temperature. Th and T are the high and low
qh and q for the heats transferred at these temperatures. When plotted in a T-S
temperatures and
representation, entropy only changes in the processes (steps) where heat is added or removed.
However, when plotting the Carnot cycle in the P-V representation it is clear that work is done (on or
by) the system in each of the 4 processes of the cycle.
a) Give the names of the 2 processes of the Carnot cycle (an engine) in which the surroundings do
work on the system. Indicate the condition(s) of the walls for these processes.
b) Consider the microscopic, i.e., Boltzmann's, definition of entropy for an ideal gas. Briefly discuss
what needs to be satisfied so that there is no change of entropy during a compression process
without heat transfer.
c) Give a microscopic, i.e., at the single particle level, argument for how the temperature of the
system increases for the process given in (b).
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