Introduction to Organic Chemistry
The field of chemistry which deals with the studies of reactions, structures, and properties of organic compounds that comprise carbon bonded through covalent bonding is organic chemistry. The studies regarding the structure of organic compounds could be determined with the help of structural formulas. In order to know about the behavior of organic compounds, a study on the properties has to be done. Both physical properties and chemical properties, the origin of chemical reactivity come under the study regarding the properties of organic compounds. The chemical preparation of polymers, drugs, natural products, and the study of separate organic molecules in the lab come under the study of organic reactions.
Vinyl Group
Vinyl group is the name given to the functional group of -CH=CH2. It can be seen as an ethene molecule with one less hydrogen in number. Hence it is also called as ethenyl group at times.
Straight Chain Hydrocarbons
The requirement to identify each compound needs a richer number of words than informative prefixes like n and iso. The identification of organic molecules is made easier by the use of systematic nomenclature schemes. The organic chemistry nomenclature has two types: traditional and systematic. Common names arise in many forms, but share the characteristic that a link through name and form is unnecessary. The name that matches a certain structure clearly must be remembered as knowing a person's name. In contrast, systemic names, including an overall common set of laws, are locked specifically to the chemical structure.
Unsaturated Hydrocarbon
Following are few examples of alkenes with their general molecular as well as their structural formulas:
Conjugated Compounds in Organic Chemistry
The delocalization of electrons in a molecule is called conjugation in organic chemistry. This delocalisation process of electrons leads to the shortenings or elongations of chemical bonds, but at the same time it causes changes in the chemical properties in conjugated molecules as compared to the non-conjugated ones. For example, conjugated molecules absorb light at longer wavelengths.
Alpha Carbon And Alpha Protons
The carbon directly attached to the functional group in an organic molecule is referred to as the alpha carbon and the hydrogen attached to an alpha carbon are termed as the alpha hydrogens or alpha protons. These alpha carbon atoms and alpha hydrogen atoms are of importance because they undergo certain characteristic reactions in organic chemistry.
Some biological molecules act in the cell as energy currency which can be used to drive coupled non-spontaneous reactions.
This is a two part question:
i) Indicate the number of bonds in the shown molecule which would would release energy when hydrolysed?
ii) name the energy rich bond.?
![The image shows the structural formula of adenosine monophosphate (AMP), which is a nucleotide involved in various biochemical processes.
### Description and Structure Explanation:
#### 1. Phosphate Groups:
At the leftmost section of the structure, there are two phosphate groups connected in a chain. These are labeled as the β (beta) and α (alpha) phosphate groups:
- Each phosphate group consists of a phosphorus atom (P) double-bonded to an oxygen atom (O) and single-bonded to three other oxygen atoms, one of which connects the two phosphate groups.
- The α phosphate group is directly attached to the ribose sugar unit.
#### 2. Ribose Sugar:
Moving towards the center, the structure contains a five-membered ribose sugar ring:
- The carbon atoms in the ring are numbered 1’ to 5’, starting from the carbon attached to the base (Nitrogenous base).
- The 2' carbon in the ribose ring is bonded to a hydroxyl group (-OH) and hydrogen atom (H).
- The 3' and 5' carbon positions emphasize the connectivity essential for forming the backbone structure of RNA.
#### 3. Nitrogenous Base - Adenine:
Attached to the 1' carbon of the ribose ring is the adenine base:
- This base is a purine derivative, consisting of a fused double ring—an imidazole ring connected to a pyrimidine ring.
- The adenine base includes two nitrogen atoms that are part of the five and six-membered rings, with the amine group (NH2) attached to the six-membered ring.
Adenine monophosphate (AMP) plays a crucial role in cellular metabolism, signaling, and as a building block of RNA. Understanding its structure aids in grasping how nucleotides form the foundation of genetic material.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F703b43e5-ae23-420c-b3a8-d626b9b6023e%2F950d7d12-beb8-4490-96af-223481b36e0e%2Fih94ro9_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
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