Activitie 1 **Activity 1: The Effect of Arteriole Radius on Glomerular Filtration**1. What are two primary functions of the kidney? - ______________________________________________________ 2. What are the components of the renal corpuscle? - ______________________________________________________3. Starting at the renal corpuscle, list the components of the renal tubule as they are encountered by filtrate. - ______________________________________________________4. Describe the effect of decreasing the afferent arteriole radius on glomerular capillary pressure and filtration rate. How well did the results compare with your prediction? - ______________________________________________________5. Describe the effect of increasing the afferent arteriole radius on glomerular capillary pressure and filtration rate. How well did the results compare with your prediction? - ______________________________________________________6. Describe the effect of decreasing the efferent arteriole radius on glomerular capillary pressure and filtration rate. How well did the results compare with your prediction? - ______________________________________________________7. Describe the effect of increasing the efferent radius on glomerular capillary pressure and filtration rate. - ______________________________________________________

Kidneys are the part of excretory system. Kidneys are sharply bean shaped. Concavity of each Kidneys called hilus. It is a part where renal artery enters into the kidney and renal renal vein, lymph vessels and ureter emerge out from it. It is divided into outer part called renal cortex and the inner part called renal medulla. note- as you have posted multiple questions, so according to our guidelines we are supposed to do only first three interlinked questions. Hence kindly repost the remaining questions as fresh questions for the next time.1. The main functions of Kidney are- a. osmoregulation- being the universal solvent. water is actual vehicle in ECF to transport materials between various parts of body. Water volume in ECF tends to vary considerably due to several reasonds such as drinking, perspiration, diarrhea, vomiting etc. as Kidneys maintain the water balance in ECF by diluting a concentrating the urine. b. Regulation of Osmotic pressure- osmolality of cytoplasm is mainly due to proteins and potassium and phosphate Ions, whereas that of the ECF is mainly due to sodium, chloride and bicarbonate ions. Inspite of marked difference in chemical composition, the two Fluids intracellular and extracellular must be isotonic, because if ECF becomes hypotonic, cells will absorb water, swell and burst and if ECF is hypertonic, cells will lose water and shrink. By excreting or retaining appropriate number, mainly of sodium and chloride ions, Kidneys maintain the normal of osmolaty of ECF. 2. Renal corpuscle is comprised of two structures: the glormerulus and Bowman's capsule. The glomerulus is a cluster of entangled blood capillaries enclosed by Bowman's capsule. Actual filtration takes place in the glomerulus. 3. As mentioned above filtration takes place mainly in the glomerulus and from their the filtrate passes through the renal tubule in the following sequence of structures. These are- proximal convoluted tubule loop of Henle - the loop of Henle can be divided into three main segments: the thin descending limb, the thin ascending limb, and the thick ascending limb distal convoluted tubule collecting tubule collecting duct