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OC C) D) Osmolality Urine Plasma quency shortly after head trauma. If ADH (vasopressin) deficiency is the cause, which of the following changes in on

OC C) D) Osmolality Urine Plasma quency shortly after head trauma. If ADH (vasopressin) deficiency is the cause, which of the following changes in on

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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### Osmolality Changes in Case of ADH (Vasopressin) Deficiency Post Head Trauma A patient develops increased thirst and urinary frequency shortly after head trauma. If ADH (vasopressin) deficiency is the cause, which of the following changes in osmolality is expected? #### Options for Osmolality Changes: - **A)** - Urine: ↑ - Plasma: ↑ - **B)** - Urine: ↑ - Plasma: ↓ - **C)** - Urine: ↓ - Plasma: ↓ - **D)** - Urine: ↓ - Plasma: ↑ ### Explanation: In a scenario where ADH deficiency is present, increased thirst (polydipsia) and urinary frequency (polyuria) are typical symptoms due to the body's inability to concentrate urine, leading to dilute urine and increased plasma osmolality. ### Understanding Osmolality: - **Urine Osmolality**: A measure of the solute concentration in urine. It reflects kidney function in concentrating or diluting urine. - **Plasma Osmolality**: A measure of the solute concentration in the blood plasma. It indicates the balance of solutes and water in the body. ### Expected Changes for ADH (Vasopressin) Deficiency: - **Urine Osmolality**: Decreased (↓) - Reason: Lack of ADH activity prevents water reabsorption in the kidneys, resulting in the excretion of large volumes of dilute urine. - **Plasma Osmolality**: Increased (↑) - Reason: Reduced water reabsorption leads to a relative increase in blood solute concentration. ### Correct Answer: - **D)** - Urine: ↓ - Plasma: ↑ This information is essential for understanding the physiological changes and diagnostic indicators associated with antidiuretic hormone (ADH) deficiency, commonly seen in diabetes insipidus.
Transcribed Image Text:### Osmolality Changes in Case of ADH (Vasopressin) Deficiency Post Head Trauma A patient develops increased thirst and urinary frequency shortly after head trauma. If ADH (vasopressin) deficiency is the cause, which of the following changes in osmolality is expected? #### Options for Osmolality Changes: - **A)** - Urine: ↑ - Plasma: ↑ - **B)** - Urine: ↑ - Plasma: ↓ - **C)** - Urine: ↓ - Plasma: ↓ - **D)** - Urine: ↓ - Plasma: ↑ ### Explanation: In a scenario where ADH deficiency is present, increased thirst (polydipsia) and urinary frequency (polyuria) are typical symptoms due to the body's inability to concentrate urine, leading to dilute urine and increased plasma osmolality. ### Understanding Osmolality: - **Urine Osmolality**: A measure of the solute concentration in urine. It reflects kidney function in concentrating or diluting urine. - **Plasma Osmolality**: A measure of the solute concentration in the blood plasma. It indicates the balance of solutes and water in the body. ### Expected Changes for ADH (Vasopressin) Deficiency: - **Urine Osmolality**: Decreased (↓) - Reason: Lack of ADH activity prevents water reabsorption in the kidneys, resulting in the excretion of large volumes of dilute urine. - **Plasma Osmolality**: Increased (↑) - Reason: Reduced water reabsorption leads to a relative increase in blood solute concentration. ### Correct Answer: - **D)** - Urine: ↓ - Plasma: ↑ This information is essential for understanding the physiological changes and diagnostic indicators associated with antidiuretic hormone (ADH) deficiency, commonly seen in diabetes insipidus.
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