A shear wall (section shown below in Figure 2) in a building is 24’ long, 90’ tall, and 12” thick. The wall is reinforced as shown in the wall section below. (See attached image) The #4 hoops are 78 in long including two 135° hooks. The #4 cross ties are 21 in. long including one 135° hook and one 90° hook. The #5 horizontal bars are straight and 23’-8” long. The #5 and #10 vertical bars are 89’-10” long and are made from five pieces. The #10 bars must be lap spliced 6’-6”, and the #5 bars must be lap spliced 3’-3”. a. Determine the quantity of reinforcement in the wall, in tons, without waste.b. Determine the required quantity of formwork, in SFCA.c. Determine the required quantity of concrete, in CY, without waste. ### Structural Reinforcement Design#### Section OverviewThis diagram illustrates the reinforcement details for a concrete structural element, including the spacing, type, and placement of reinforcing bars and ties. The various sections support the integrity and strength of the structure.#### Diagram Breakdown1. **Reinforcement Details:** - **Outer Sections (Ends):** - Use 5, #10 bars at 6 inches on center (O.C.). - Depths indicated are 3 inches of cover from the edge to the first layer of reinforcement, followed by a 6-inch section, and another 3-inch section for a total depth of 12 inches. - The total clear cover on longitudinal reinforcement is maintained at 3 inches. - **Middle Section:** - Utilize 5, #5 bars spaced at 18 inches on center (O.C.), indicating less dense reinforcement compared to the outer sections. This section extends for a length of 13 feet. - The depth follows the same pattern: 3 inches cover, 6 inches inner section, and another 3 inches cover.2. **Hoops and Cross Ties:** - No. 4 hoops and cross ties are placed at 12 inches on center. - The area of a single No. 4 tie is \( A_b = 0.20 \text{ in}^2 \).3. **Dimensions and Positions:** - The complete section height is consistently 12 inches across the depicted segments. - There is a longitudinal continuity in the bars transitioning from #10 to #5 and back to #10 bars across the sections.4. **Area of Bars:** - **For No. 5 Bars:** - Area \( A_b = 0.31 \text{ in}^2 \). - **For No. 10 Bars:** - Area \( A_b = 1.27 \text{ in}^2 \).#### ApplicationThis detailed reinforcement plan is crucial for constructing concrete elements such as beams where the specified bar sizes and arrangements ensure adequate tensile strength and structural stability. The 3-inch concrete cover also protects the bars from environmental effects, enhancing the durability of the structure. Proper implementation of such designs reduces the risk of structural failure and increases the lifespan of the construct. By following these details, the construction team can ensure that the element meets safety standards and performs effectively under load conditions.

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Answered: O O 3 in. 6 in. 3 in. 5, # 10 at 6 in.…

Structural Analysis

6th Edition

ISBN:9781337630931

Author:KASSIMALI, Aslam.

Publisher:KASSIMALI, Aslam.

Chapter2: Loads On Structures

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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A shear wall (section shown below in Figure 2) in a building is 24’ long, 90’ tall, and 12” thick. The wall is reinforced as shown in the wall section below. (See attached image)

The #4 hoops are 78 in long including two 135° hooks. The #4 cross ties are 21 in. long including one 135° hook and one 90° hook.

The #5 horizontal bars are straight and 23’-8” long.

The #5 and #10 vertical bars are 89’-10” long and are made from five pieces. The #10 bars must be lap spliced 6’-6”, and the #5 bars must be lap spliced 3’-3”.

a. Determine the quantity of reinforcement in the wall, in tons, without waste.

b. Determine the required quantity of formwork, in SFCA.

c. Determine the required quantity of concrete, in CY, without waste.

### Structural Reinforcement Design

#### Section Overview

This diagram illustrates the reinforcement details for a concrete structural element, including the spacing, type, and placement of reinforcing bars and ties. The various sections support the integrity and strength of the structure.

#### Diagram Breakdown

1. **Reinforcement Details:**
- **Outer Sections (Ends):**
- Use 5, #10 bars at 6 inches on center (O.C.).
- Depths indicated are 3 inches of cover from the edge to the first layer of reinforcement, followed by a 6-inch section, and another 3-inch section for a total depth of 12 inches.
- The total clear cover on longitudinal reinforcement is maintained at 3 inches.

- **Middle Section:**
- Utilize 5, #5 bars spaced at 18 inches on center (O.C.), indicating less dense reinforcement compared to the outer sections. This section extends for a length of 13 feet.
- The depth follows the same pattern: 3 inches cover, 6 inches inner section, and another 3 inches cover.

2. **Hoops and Cross Ties:**
- No. 4 hoops and cross ties are placed at 12 inches on center.
- The area of a single No. 4 tie is \( A_b = 0.20 \text{ in}^2 \).

3. **Dimensions and Positions:**
- The complete section height is consistently 12 inches across the depicted segments.
- There is a longitudinal continuity in the bars transitioning from #10 to #5 and back to #10 bars across the sections.

4. **Area of Bars:**
- **For No. 5 Bars:**
- Area \( A_b = 0.31 \text{ in}^2 \).
- **For No. 10 Bars:**
- Area \( A_b = 1.27 \text{ in}^2 \).

#### Application

This detailed reinforcement plan is crucial for constructing concrete elements such as beams where the specified bar sizes and arrangements ensure adequate tensile strength and structural stability. The 3-inch concrete cover also protects the bars from environmental effects, enhancing the durability of the structure. Proper implementation of such designs reduces the risk of structural failure and increases the lifespan of the construct.

By following these details, the construction team can ensure that the element meets safety standards and performs effectively under load conditions.

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