What's the major product? **Reduction of a Ketone Using Sodium Borodeuteride (NaBD₄) in Ethanol (EtOH)***Chemical Reaction:*The following image illustrates a two-step chemical reaction process for the reduction of a ketone functional group. 1. The reactant is a ketone compound. In this specific case, the structure displays a four-carbon chain with a ketone group (C=O) attached to the second carbon atom. 2. The first step of the reaction involves the addition of Sodium Borodeuteride (NaBD₄) in Ethanol (EtOH). Sodium Borodeuteride is a deuterated reducing agent often used to convert ketones into alcohols. 3. The second step involves the addition of an aqueous acidic workup (H₃O⁺), which is essential to neutralize the reaction mixture and to protonate the intermediate product to finally yield the corresponding alcohol.**Structure Description:**- The structure on the left shows a ketone (a carbon double-bonded to an oxygen atom, C=O) attached to a secondary carbon (R-C-R1 configuration).- The reducing agent is specified as NaBD₄, indicating deuterium (D) is used instead of hydrogen (H).- The reaction conditions include ethanol (EtOH) as the solvent.- The protonation step is indicated by H₃O⁺ (hydronium ion).**Explanation:**Ketones are typically reduced to secondary alcohols. Initially, the deuterated borohydride (NaBD₄) donates a deuteride (D⁻) ion to the carbonyl carbon of the ketone. This reduction step results in the formation of an alkoxide intermediate. This intermediate is then protonated (H⁺) during the acidic workup to yield the final alcohol product, where the carbonyl oxygen is replaced with a hydroxyl group (OH) and the hydrogen at the formerly carbonyl carbon is replaced with deuterium (resulting from NaBD₄).This reaction is commonly used in organic chemistry laboratories to introduce deuterium into molecules for tracing studies or pharmacokinetic profiling due to the presence of deuterium.

NaBD4 is the reducing agent reduces aldehyde and ketone to alcohol.

Answered: O H 1. NaBD4, EtOH 2. H3O+

Science

Chemistry

O H 1. NaBD4, EtOH 2. H3O+

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter22: Organic And Biological Molecules

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 5RQ: What functional group distinguishes each of the following hydrocarbon derivatives? a....

See similar textbooks

Similar questions

Alcohols are very useful starting materials for the production of many different compounds. The following conversions, starting with 1-butanol, can be carried out in two or more steps. Show the steps (reactants/catalysts) you would follow to carry out the conversions, drawing the formula for the organic product in each step. For each step, a major product must be produced. (See Exercise 62.) (Hint: In the presence of H+, an alcohol is converted into an alkene and water. This is the exact reverse of the reaction of adding water to an alkene to form an alcohol.) a. 1-butanol butane b. 1-butanol 2-butanone
What functional group distinguishes each of the following hydrocarbon derivatives? a. halohydrocarbons b. alcohols c. ethers d. aldehydes e. ketones f. carboxylic acids g. esters h. amines Give examples of each functional group. What prefix or suffix is used to name each functional group? What are the bond angles in each? Describe the bonding in each functional group. What is the difference between a primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohol? For the functional groups in ah, when is a number required to indicate the position of the functional group? Carboxylic acids are often written as RCOOH. What does COOH indicate and what does R indicate? Aldehydes are sometimes written as RCHO. What does CHO indicate?
Salicylic acid is added into a test tube, followed by methanol and sulfuric acid as the catalyst. It is heated for 10-15 minutes and poured into a beaker with crushed ice. This is the esterification of Oil of wintergreen. Write the complete reaction equation and describe the odor of the reactants (salicylic acid and methanol) and the products (oil of wintergreen).
b) Ho わ-fャコーfつ Koc 5. Complete the following oxidation reactions for alcohols. Draw the structure of the product. Name the reactant and identify the type of compound formed in the product. CHっーCHューC OH b) CHy CH3
1. Dehydration: 2. Oxidation: This is a reaction where an alcohol loses a water molecule to form an alkene. For example, when ethanol is treated with an acidic catalyst, such as sulfuric acid, it undergoes dehydration to form ethene (CH2=CH2) and water. ALCOHOLS In this reaction, an alcohol is converted to either a carbonyl compound or a carboxylic acid. 3. Esterification: Types of Reaction (s) For example, primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or carboxylic acids, while secondary alcohols can be oxidized to ketones. Tertiary alcohols are usually not affected by oxidations 4. Substitution: The conversion of an alcohol and a carboxylic acid to an ester and water, in the presence of an acid catalyst. The reaction between methanol and acetic acid to form methyl acetate: CH3OH + CH3COOH CH3COOCH3 + H2O Click to add speaker notes ME Substitution reactions in organic chemistry involve the replacement of one atom or group of atoms with another atom or group of atoms in a molecule. 1.…
Ethanol is the alcohol found in all alcoholic beverages. Discuss how an alcoholic beverage would be different if it contained ethane instead of ethanol. In the online portion of the test, you were asked to rank 1-pentene, 1-pentanol, and pentanal in order from lowest to highest boiling point. Explain the reasons for the boiling point ranking. Compare and contrast alcohols with aldehydes/ketones. List at least 3 similarities and 3 differences.
In an esterification reaction, a carboxylic acid reacts with an excess of alcohol in acidic conditions to form an ester. Draw the structure of the ester product in the reaction between pentanoic acid and 1‑propanol.
2. Some students confuse the ester and ether functional groups. Both linkages are formed by condensation reactions. a) Complete this statement: An ether linkage is formed by the condensation of: b) Use structures to show the condensation of cyclohexanol molecules to create the alternate synthesis product discussed in the report sheet of your Dehydration experiment (Lab 04).
Consider the following nucleophilic substitution reaction: R CI Nal R I NaCl acetone Given that the reactants and the products look structurally similar, how can one determine if the substitution reaction took place? O Nal precipitates in acetone. O Nal dissolves in acetone. O NaCl precipitates in acetone. O NaCl dissolves in acetone.
Draw the structure of the product that forms when the carbonyl compound shown is treated with K,Cr₂O, If no reaction occurs, draw the structure of the organic starting material (reactant). CH,(CH,), (CO)CH(CH,), Click and drag to start drawing a structure. 1 :0 Statover G 0
LSaxw_byUjt4NKKTEABPFImknTAVIxeSATH3-MO9AEbrFOXuga ponse TUIse The structure of glycogen is very similar to that of amylose Secondary alcohols are readily oxidized with common oxidizing agents to carboxylic acids Amines react with strong acids such as HCI, to form ammonium salts In general, oils come from animal sources and fats from vegetable sources Amines are weak bases, they are considerably more basic than alcohols, and water Carboxylic acids are less acidic than alcohols Steroids are lipids that do not contain fatty acids Alkylamines have boiling points are higher than those of alkanes, but lower than those of alcohols 4- Tio druck & 1 8. 9. Y ! OX { Hi J K : NI pause O O O O O O O O OO
Draw the skeletal ("line") structure of the organic molecule that produces sodium 2,3-dihydroxybutanoate when reacted with NaOH. c* Click and drag to start drawing a structure.