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:O: FCH2 (а) CH2 (b) III II 0.

:O: FCH2 (а) CH2 (b) III II 0.

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Used curved arrows to show the movement of electrons in structures I and II only

### Chemical Resonance Structures The image contains two resonance structures (a) and (b), each demonstrating resonance in organic compounds. #### Structure (a): - **Left Structure:** - Contains an enolate ion. - The oxygen atom has a negative charge. - The CH₂ group at the end carries a negative charge. - **Right Structure:** - Displays a carbanion form. - The negative charge is localized on the carbon end. - The oxygen atom remains negatively charged, similar to an alkoxide ion. The two structures are in equilibrium, indicated by the double-headed arrow, highlighting the resonance between enolate and carbanion forms. #### Structure (b): - **Left Structure (II):** - Shows a cyclohexanone derivative. - The oxygen is double-bonded to the carbon in a ketone form. - **Right Structure (III):** - Displays a different resonance form of cyclohexanone derivative. - Oxygen carries a negative charge, while the adjacent carbon has a positive charge. This set also illustrates resonance, as seen by the double-headed arrow, indicating a shift between different electron arrangements within the molecule. Both structures exemplify resonance stabilization in organic chemistry, particularly the movement of electrons between oxygen and carbon atoms in enolates and related compounds.
Transcribed Image Text:### Chemical Resonance Structures The image contains two resonance structures (a) and (b), each demonstrating resonance in organic compounds. #### Structure (a): - **Left Structure:** - Contains an enolate ion. - The oxygen atom has a negative charge. - The CH₂ group at the end carries a negative charge. - **Right Structure:** - Displays a carbanion form. - The negative charge is localized on the carbon end. - The oxygen atom remains negatively charged, similar to an alkoxide ion. The two structures are in equilibrium, indicated by the double-headed arrow, highlighting the resonance between enolate and carbanion forms. #### Structure (b): - **Left Structure (II):** - Shows a cyclohexanone derivative. - The oxygen is double-bonded to the carbon in a ketone form. - **Right Structure (III):** - Displays a different resonance form of cyclohexanone derivative. - Oxygen carries a negative charge, while the adjacent carbon has a positive charge. This set also illustrates resonance, as seen by the double-headed arrow, indicating a shift between different electron arrangements within the molecule. Both structures exemplify resonance stabilization in organic chemistry, particularly the movement of electrons between oxygen and carbon atoms in enolates and related compounds.
The image depicts two resonance structures of a methylene-cyclohexadiene compound. 1. **Structure on the Left:** - A six-membered carbon ring with three alternating double bonds. - A methylene group (\( \text{CH}_2 \)) is attached to the top of the hexagon, represented by a double bond to the ring. 2. **Structure on the Right:** - The same carbon ring with two alternating double bonds. - The methylene group is shown with a single bond to the ring. - The methylene carbon carries a lone pair, indicated by a pair of dots, and a negative charge. - The positive charge is shown on the carbon atom at the bottom right of the ring, creating a separation of charges. The structures are connected by a double-headed arrow, indicating resonance between the two forms. Resonance structures do not exist independently but represent different possible configurations of electrons in a molecule.
Transcribed Image Text:The image depicts two resonance structures of a methylene-cyclohexadiene compound. 1. **Structure on the Left:** - A six-membered carbon ring with three alternating double bonds. - A methylene group (\( \text{CH}_2 \)) is attached to the top of the hexagon, represented by a double bond to the ring. 2. **Structure on the Right:** - The same carbon ring with two alternating double bonds. - The methylene group is shown with a single bond to the ring. - The methylene carbon carries a lone pair, indicated by a pair of dots, and a negative charge. - The positive charge is shown on the carbon atom at the bottom right of the ring, creating a separation of charges. The structures are connected by a double-headed arrow, indicating resonance between the two forms. Resonance structures do not exist independently but represent different possible configurations of electrons in a molecule.
Expert Solution
Step 1

If there is conjugation system in molecule then resonance occurs.There are various structures possible for such type of molecules.

These structures are known as canonical forms or resonating structures.

These structures are shown by double-headed arrows.

 

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