NOTE: For any required additional data (i.e., table/figure) please refer to the textbook (Das, B. M. PRINCIPLES OF GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING 9TH ED.) A sample of dry sand is tested in direct shear. The shear box holding the sample has a circular cross section with a diameter of 50 mm. The normal (compressive) load imposed is 205 N. The sample shear when the shear force is 125 N. a) Determine the test normal stress and shear stress at failure. b) Determine the angle of internal friction O for this soil c) What is probable condition of the tested sample (dense, loose, etc)? NOTE: Please write down all the calculation steps! Show your work clearly!

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Fluid Materials

In general terms, anything that flows can be termed as a fluid. In other words, a fluid is any substance that cannot resist shear forces and deforms continuously under the application of external shear forces. Fluid materials differ completely from solid materials such as metals and alloys. For instance, if we consider two infinitesimally small cross-sectional areas of fluid materials and solid materials, and apply shear forces to these elements, both the elements will undergo deformation. Upon releasing the shear force, the element of the solid materials will regain its original orientation, but the element of the fluid materials will keep on deforming continuously under the action of the shear force.