(nair= 1.0, and nwater = 1.33) 32.22 By what angle (cornea) is the beam of light shown in Figure 32.22 deviated as it passes from air to the cornea if the inci- dent angle is 0₁ = 23.6°? The refractive in dex of air is nair = 1.00, the refractive in- 32.23 The ability of your eyes to fo- cus is impaired when you attempt to look around underwater (if you are not wear- ing a pair of swimming goggles). Recal- culate your answer for Problem 32.22 for the case in which the eye is submerged in water (nwater = : 1.33).
Ray Optics
Optics is the study of light in the field of physics. It refers to the study and properties of light. Optical phenomena can be classified into three categories: ray optics, wave optics, and quantum optics. Geometrical optics, also known as ray optics, is an optics model that explains light propagation using rays. In an optical device, a ray is a direction along which light energy is transmitted from one point to another. Geometric optics assumes that waves (rays) move in straight lines before they reach a surface. When a ray collides with a surface, it can bounce back (reflect) or bend (refract), but it continues in a straight line. The laws of reflection and refraction are the fundamental laws of geometrical optics. Light is an electromagnetic wave with a wavelength that falls within the visible spectrum.
Converging Lens
Converging lens, also known as a convex lens, is thinner at the upper and lower edges and thicker at the center. The edges are curved outwards. This lens can converge a beam of parallel rays of light that is coming from outside and focus it on a point on the other side of the lens.
Plano-Convex Lens
To understand the topic well we will first break down the name of the topic, ‘Plano Convex lens’ into three separate words and look at them individually.
Lateral Magnification
In very simple terms, the same object can be viewed in enlarged versions of itself, which we call magnification. To rephrase, magnification is the ability to enlarge the image of an object without physically altering its dimensions and structure. This process is mainly done to get an even more detailed view of the object by scaling up the image. A lot of daily life examples for this can be the use of magnifying glasses, projectors, and microscopes in laboratories. This plays a vital role in the fields of research and development and to some extent even our daily lives; our daily activity of magnifying images and texts on our mobile screen for a better look is nothing other than magnification.
Need help with questions 22 & 23, thank you!
![3:28 PM Wed Feb 14
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.
32.18 A beam of white light passes
through a 1.5 cm thick pane of glass at
an angle of 45° as shown in Figure 32.20.
The refractive index of the glass for light
of wavelength 470 nm (deep blue) is 1.66
while the refractive index of the glass for
light of wavelength 630 nm (bright red) is
1.60.
THE NATURE OF LIGHT
(a) What is the spacing, S, between the
red and blue components of a nar-
row beam after they have passed
through the pane of glass?
(b) Use your answer in (a) to explain
why we do we not ordinarily see the
effects of dispersion when looking
through flat
of glass.
panes
(c) How thick would the pane of glass
need to be for the separation of the
red and blue rays to be 1 cm?
Incoming
light
Air
n = 1.00
0
Reflected
light
Droplet
n = 1.33
R
TOB
Refracted
light
Figure 32.21 A beam of light hits a spherical water
droplet.
●●●
lyceum.bates.edu
32.19 A beam of light of wavelength
550 nm strikes a water droplet as shown
in Figure 32.21. What are the angles A
and B at which the reflected and re-
fracted beams travel?
32.20 A fish in a pond looks up and sees
the light from a street lamp at an angle
of 35° to the vertical. If the street light is
5.5 m tall and the fish is 30 cm below the
surface of the pond and 3 m from its edge,
how far from the edge of the pond is the
street lamp? (nair 1, and water
1.33)
=
=
32.21 Two divers jump out of their boat
and swim straight down to a depth of
10 m. The water surface becomes calm
again very quickly after the divers jump
in. Once the divers reach their final depth
they begin to swim in opposite directions
at the same rate while periodically stop-
ping to shine a flashlight back at the sur-
face of the water where they had jumped
in. After the divers have swum far enough
apart they begin to notice a strong reflec-
tion from the other diver's flashlight that
was not present before. How far apart
are divers when this starts to happen?
(nair = 1.0, and water
: 1.33)
=
=
32.22 By what angle (cornea) is the beam
of light shown in Figure 32.22 deviated as
it
passes from air to the cornea if the inci-
dent angle is 0₁ 23.6°? The refractive in-
1.00, the refractive in-
=
dex of air is nair
dex of the cornea is cornea = 1.38. Ignore
further deviation of light as it ]
passes from
the cornea into the aqueous humour, etc.
Aqueous
humour
n = 1.34
Air
n = 1.00
Cornea
n = 1.38
Perpendicular
to cornea
Vitreous
humour
n = 1.34
Ꮎ
cornea
80%
Lens
n = 1.39 to 1.41
Figure 32.22 Most of the bending of light in the eye is
done at the air-cornea interface. The lens is responsible
for only a small amount of the bending, but of course is
adjustable.
32.23 The ability of your eyes to fo-
cus is impaired when you attempt to look
around underwater (if you are not wear-
ing a pair of swimming goggles). Recal-
culate your answer for Problem 32.22 for
the case in which the eye is submerged in
water (nwater = 1.33).](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fce3589f0-5608-4fb5-a11c-ce1805f2c8e6%2Fedaf44f4-e279-4f20-a59a-c079adedf9e3%2Fj78hpm_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
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