Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Question
Draw mechanisms for the following reactions. Use curved arrows to show electron flow for each step and draw out all reactants to effectively show all arrow pushing. Write a written description of the mechanisms.
Transcribed Image Text:The image consists of two separate chemical reactions which are described as follows:
a) **Chemical Reaction A**:
- **Reactant**: A heterocyclic compound with a hydroxyl group (OH), iodine (I) atoms, and an allyl group attached to different carbon atoms in the molecule.
- **Reagent**: Sodium hydride (NaH).
- **Product**: A cyclic compound with a ketone group (C=O), iodine atom, and a rearranged allyl group attached to the nitrogen atom in the heterocycle.
**Diagram Explanation**: Reaction A involves the deprotonation of the hydroxyl group by sodium hydride, leading to the formation of an oxacycle and the rearrangement of the molecule to form a new ring structure.
b) **Chemical Reaction B**:
- **Reactant**: An ester compound with diethyl ester groups (EtOOC), two bromo groups (Br), and a straight-chain alkyl linkage.
- **Reagent**: Potassium cyanide (KCN), two equivalents are used.
- **Product**: A cyclic structure with an ester (COOEt) and nitrile (NC) groups, indicating a cyclization and substitution reaction.
**Diagram Explanation**: Reaction B involves the nucleophilic substitution of bromine atoms by cyanide ions from potassium cyanide, leading to the formation of a five-membered ring structure and the introduction of nitrile and ester functionalities.
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