Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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1. SN1 or SN2
2. Draw major product withs steorchemistry
3. include reaction mechanism
Transcribed Image Text:### Reaction Description:
This image illustrates a nucleophilic substitution reaction involving an alkyl chloride and sodium cyanide in acetone at 25°C.
#### Reactants:
- **2-Chlorobutane**: The organic compound depicted on the left side is 2-chlorobutane, which is an alkyl chloride. The chlorine atom is attached to the second carbon of a butane chain.
- **Sodium Cyanide (Na⁺ ⁻C≡N):** The reagent shown is sodium cyanide. It consists of a sodium ion (Na⁺) and a cyanide ion (⁻C≡N), where the carbon and nitrogen atoms are triple bonded.
#### Solvent and Conditions:
- **Acetone:** The reaction is carried out in acetone, a polar aprotic solvent, which helps facilitate the substitution reaction.
- **Temperature:** The reaction occurs at 25°C.
### Reaction Mechanism:
The nucleophilic cyanide ion (⁻C≡N) attacks the electrophilic carbon atom that is bonded to the chlorine atom in 2-chlorobutane. This leads to the displacement of the chloride ion (Cl⁻) and the formation of a carbon-carbon bond between the butane chain and the cyanide ion.
### Result:
This reaction results in the formation of a nitrile compound, where the cyanide group replaces the chlorine atom in the original alkyl chloride.
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